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Unit 2 - Aerobic Respiration
During exercise, the heart rate increases and this causes increased blood flow to the muscles.

Unit 2 - Aerobic Respiration

The two forms of respiration - aerobic and anaerobic - are both looked at in GCSE Biology. This quiz focusses on aerobic respiration, in which glucose and oxygen react to release energy.

Respiration is the method that all living cells use to produce energy. There are two types of respiration, depending on the levels of oxygen available to a cell - aerobic if there is plenty of oxygen or anaerobic if the oxygen supply is insufficient. Aerobic respiration gives a greater yield of energy than anaerobic respiration. During aerobic respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy. The waste products are carbon dioxide and water which leave the cell and are eliminated from the body of the plant or animal.

Respiration occurs inside the the mitochondria of a cell and is actually carried out through a complex set of chemical reactions controlled by enzymes. Whichever way you look at it, respiration can be represented by the following equation:

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

Whenever you see the word equation for respiration, the energy is usually shown in parentheses because it is not a substance. You probably won't lose a mark in an exam for forgetting, but it would impress the examiners if you remembered! The energy released by aerobic respiration is used in a number of different ways. Two important ones that you need to know are that it is used to build up new chemicals, such as proteins from amino acids, and to maintain the body temperature in warm blooded animals. It is also used to produce the contractions in muscle cells that enable animals to move.

How much do you know about aerobic respiration? Find out by playing this quiz on the subject.

1.
What does aerobic mean?
With oxygen
With carbon dioxide
With hydrogen
With nitrogen
Respiration is therefore an oxidation reaction
2.
Energy is released from which cell organelle?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Each cell has many mitochondria
3.
Energy from respiration is not used for which of the following?
Muscle contraction
Building larger molecules from smaller ones
Maintaining a constant body temperature in fish and reptiles
Maintaining a constant body temperature in mammals and birds
These are known as cold blooded animals
4.
One reactant in aerobic respiration is oxygen. What is the other?
Glucose
Waste
Urea
Amino acid
This is the substance that is reduced during the reaction
5.
In plants, energy is used to convert sugars into amino acids. Which of the following are made up from amino acids?
Proteins
Fats
DNA
Starch
Plants need proteins for the cell membrane and to make enzymes
6.
During exercise, the heart rate increases to increase blood flow to which part of the body?
The kidneys
The muscles
The ears
The eyes
The muscle cells work much harder than normal during exercise
7.
During exercise, what happens to the rate and depth of breathing?
It increases
It decreases
It stays the same
It goes up and then down again
This is to get more oxygen to the cells but it also means that the increased levels of carbon dioxide can be dealt with
8.
Muscles store glucose in which form?
As starch
As glycogen
As protein
As oxygen
Glycogen is a huge molecule made up of many glucose molecules all joined together
9.
What does respiration release?
Food
Waste
Energy
Light
Respiration is not the same thing as breathing! Respiration is all about energy release, whereas breathing involves gaseous exchange. Breathing supplies the oxygen for repiration and eliminates the waste carbon dioxide from the body
10.
What is the waste gas released by aerobic respiration?
Carbon monoxide
Ozone
Carbon dioxide
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide is always given off in respiration
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Respiration

Author:  Donna Maria Davidson

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