This English Language quiz is called 'Clauses and Phrases' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at elementary school. Playing educational quizzes is an enjoyable way to learn if you are in the 3rd, 4th or 5th grade - aged 8 to 11.
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A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate AND is used as part of a sentence. Clauses can be independent or dependent. An independent clause expresses a complete thought, e.g. 'He tore the page in half'. Thus, an independent clause could stand alone exactly like a sentence. On the other hand, 'whenever he heard it' is a dependent clause: it can't stand alone because it doesn't represent a complete thought.
A phrase is a group of two or more connected words which does not contain a subject and predicate, e.g. 'the girl', terrible weather' 'the enemy having lost'. In this elementary school English quiz, you are going to get some practice in dealing with phrases and clauses.
A sentence is a collection of words that expresses a complete thought. In order to express a complete thought, the sentence must have a subject and predicate: the predicate is that part of the sentence that contains a verb and states something about the subject, e.g. in 'Peter fell over', 'Peter' is the subject and 'fell over' is the predicate. The predicate verb is 'fell'. Here's a useful tip: a phrase is neither a sentence nor a clause.