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Burning Carbon Fuels
Gasoline companies have reduced the amount of sulfur in gasoline and diesel fuels in order to reduce the acidity of rain.

Burning Carbon Fuels

This Chemistry quiz is called 'Burning Carbon Fuels' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at high school. Playing educational quizzes is a user-friendly way to learn if you are in the 9th or 10th grade - aged 14 to 16.

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Without carbon fuels life would be very different. They are used to generate our electricity, power our vehicles, heat our homes and much more besides. But burning fossil fuels comes at an environmental cost - they cause pollution in the air that we breathe in several different ways. This high school Chemistry quiz is all about burning carbon fuels (commonly known as fossil fuels) and the pollution that this causes.

The fossil fuels are coal, oil and gas and are so-called because they were formed long ago in the past. All three are extracted from the rocks of the Earth - coal by digging it out and the other two by drilling. They are formed from the remains of plants (coal) and sea creatures (oil and gas) that have died. Under the right conditions, these decay to form the fossil fuels. They take millions of years to form and so they are regarded as non-renewable, but that is the subject of other quizzes.

This quiz is concerned with the burning of the three fossil fuels and some of the problems this causes. Coal is mainly carbon and tar, which is a thick, sticky hydrocarbon. Oil is made from a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (predominantly members of the alkane family), whilst natural gas is essentially the alkane with the smallest molecule - methane. Since these formed from living organisms, there are traces of the element sulfur (and others too) that have come from their proteins.

When anything burns, it is an oxidation reaction. In other words, the elements of the material being burnt become oxides. So when hydrocarbons burn, the hydrogen becomes water and the carbon becomes carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide when incomplete cumbustion takes place). Since coal and oil contain a lot of carbon in their compounds, they produce a lot of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is toxic, it prevents the blood from carrying oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and the vast majority of scientists believe that the increase of carbon dioxide in the air is a significant cause of global warming.

There is another kind of pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. When the sulfur burns, it forms acidic oxides causing acid rain. This problem has been reduced in many developed countries as petroleum companies remove as much of the sulfur as they can from the fuels they sell.

1.
Which of the following fuels is unlikely to contribute to the greenhouse effect when burnt?
H2
CO
C4H10
C14H28
Hydrogen burns to form water vapor
2.
Sulfur dioxide can be removed from waste gasses from power stations by treating with what?
Limewater
Limestone
Methane
Water
Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate and you should be aware that carbonates react with acid
3.
Pick the fuel which is an alkane.
H2
CO
C4H10
C14H28
The general formula of an alkane is CnH2n +2
4.
What is a biofuel?
A fuel made from biological material
A fuel made from non-renewable resources
A fuel that can be used again and again
A fuel that can only be used in cars
These are renewable fuels
5.
What environmental problem is caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
Global dimming
Acid rain
Depletion of the ozone layer
Global warming
The mechanism of global warming is the greenhouse effect
6.
What environmental problem is caused by the release of carbon particulates into the atmosphere?
Global dimming
Acid rain
Depletion of the ozone layer
Global warming
The effects of global dimming may be reducing the effects of global warming. This may sound a good thing but in reality, it is not as it reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the Earth and breathing in of carbon particulates is not good for your health
7.
Gasoline companies have reduced the amount of sulfur in gasoline and diesel fuels. The main reason for this is...
to reduce production costs
to reduce the amount of fuel used in vehicles
to reduce the acidity of rain
to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere
Oxides of non-metals are all acidic; oxides of sulfur ultimately form sulphuric acid as they dissolve in rain
8.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using biofuels?

They are renewable
They take away growing land from food crops
They are carbon neutral
Can be made from biological waste
In some areas, biofuel crops are grown rather than food crops and this causes food shortages. Often they are grown in areas of the world where food is already in short supply
9.
Pick the fuel which will burn to form carbon dioxide only.
H2
CO
C4H10
C14H28
CO is carbon monoxide which is found in coal gas and town gas. These two types of gas were the only ones available in Britain until the discovery of the oil and gas deposits in the North Sea
10.
What environmental problem is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere?
Global dimming
Acid rain
Depletion of the ozone layer
Global warming
The nitrogen oxides are formed where fossil fuels are burnt at high temperatures. The high temperature means that there is enough energy to get the normally unreactive nitrogen molecules in the air to react with the oxygen
Author:  Kate Gardiner

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