This GCSE English Literature quiz takes a look at context in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. The context of a text refers to the environment in which it was written, including the author’s political and social environment in addition to the time and geographical location in which he or she was writing. If anything sounds familiar about this collection of influences, it might be because these are the same specific elements which we discuss when we talk about setting, too. You will remember that setting refers to these aspects of a text’s created, fictional world. Context, by contrast, refers to these aspects of the author’s own world. Political or social issues and events from the author’s past can have as much effect on a text as those occurring contemporaneously. An author’s personal beliefs also have an effect on the text and thus contribute to the context.
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How to write about context
By learning about the context of a fictional work, you will develop some insight into the important influences shaping the text. The relationship between context and meaning is never simple and straightforward, of course, and it would be a mistake to suggest otherwise. Nevertheless, your knowledge of context can provide useful information to bear in mind as you read and consider a text.
Thinking about context in the case of The Crucible is interesting because it introduces a further element known as “historical context”. Miller wrote the play centuries after the events it depicts occurred. The book itself is not history, but rather represents Miller’s own interpretation of actual events. Despite his research into historical documents, his presentation of events is inevitably coloured by his own context and his own beliefs. While he aims to represent the dialogue, culture and beliefs of the historical figures with some accuracy, his own knowledge can only ever be gained at second-hand from the terrible events which took place in Salem.
Research the context of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, remembering everything you have learned in English and (perhaps) history lessons, then try these questions to see how much you know about the context of the play.
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1.
|
The Crucible was first performed in which year? |
|
[ ] |
1692 |
[ ] |
1921 |
[ ] |
1953 |
[ ] |
1978 |
|
|
2.
|
Which of the following caused Miller's father to lose his business? |
|
[ ] |
World War I |
[ ] |
The Great Depression |
[ ] |
World War II |
[ ] |
The House Un-American Activities Committee |
|
|
3.
|
Which one of the following is the term associated with the optimism prevalent in the United States in the mid-twentieth century? |
|
[ ] |
The American Hope |
[ ] |
The American Dream |
[ ] |
The American Fantasy |
[ ] |
American Realism |
|
|
4.
|
What is meant by the term 'McCarthyism'? |
|
[ ] |
A strict religion modelled on Puritanism |
[ ] |
The fervent repudiation of Puritanism |
[ ] |
A U.S. government investigation into black magic and those who practised it |
[ ] |
A relentless search for Communists and Communist sympathisers in the U.S. government |
|
|
5.
|
The actions of which of the following bodies is represented in the play by Reverend Hale's investigations as well as the trials conducted by Danforth, Hathorne and the other judges? |
|
[ ] |
The United States Supreme Court |
[ ] |
The House Un-American Activities Committee |
[ ] |
The United States Senate |
[ ] |
New York City Council |
|
|
6.
|
Why was Miller held in contempt of the U.S. Congress? |
|
[ ] |
He gave a false confession to the House Un-American Activities Committee |
[ ] |
He gave a list of false names of Communists to the House Un-American Activities Committee |
[ ] |
He refused to give the names of suspected Communists present at meetings he had attended |
[ ] |
He confessed to spying for the Soviet Union before retracting his confession |
|
|
7.
|
Which of the following is true, according to Miller's notes in the text? |
|
[ ] |
Miller believed that the Salem witchcraft trials were based on utter fantasy |
[ ] |
Miller believed that the people of Salem were all engaged in devil worship |
[ ] |
Miller believed that Tituba and the girls had engaged in activities they understood to be sorceries |
[ ] |
Miller believed that the people of Salem knew the stories about witchcraft to be fabricated |
|
|
8.
|
In his notes to the play, Miller writes, "In the countries of the Communist ideology all resistance of any import is linked to the totally malign capitalist succubi, and in America any man who is not reactionary in his views is open to the charge of alliance with the Red hell." What does this mean? |
|
[ ] |
On both sides of the Cold War, it is easy for anyone who does not fully support the prevailing ideology to be demonised |
[ ] |
Communists and capitalists both equally believe in the reality of witches and the satanic |
[ ] |
Communists and capitalists are completely different in their approach to enemies |
[ ] |
Capitalists are succubi and Communists live in hell |
|
|
9.
|
The form of government in seventeenth-century Massachusetts Bay Colony is known as which of the following? |
|
[ ] |
Communism |
[ ] |
Fascism |
[ ] |
Theocracy |
[ ] |
Representative Democracy |
|
|
10.
|
What information does Miller add to the end of the play, in the section entitled, "Echoes Down the Corridor"? |
|
[ ] |
Elizabeth Proctor's subsequent marriage |
[ ] |
Abigail's fate |
[ ] |
The intervention of the state government in ensuring compensation for victims |
[ ] |
All of the above |
|
|
1.
|
The Crucible was first performed in which year? |
|
[ ] |
1692 |
[ ] |
1921 |
[x] |
1953 |
[ ] |
1978 |
|
|
2.
|
Which of the following caused Miller's father to lose his business? |
|
[ ] |
World War I |
[x] |
The Great Depression |
[ ] |
World War II |
[ ] |
The House Un-American Activities Committee |
|
|
3.
|
Which one of the following is the term associated with the optimism prevalent in the United States in the mid-twentieth century? |
|
[ ] |
The American Hope |
[x] |
The American Dream |
[ ] |
The American Fantasy |
[ ] |
American Realism |
|
|
4.
|
What is meant by the term 'McCarthyism'? |
|
[ ] |
A strict religion modelled on Puritanism |
[ ] |
The fervent repudiation of Puritanism |
[ ] |
A U.S. government investigation into black magic and those who practised it |
[x] |
A relentless search for Communists and Communist sympathisers in the U.S. government |
|
|
5.
|
The actions of which of the following bodies is represented in the play by Reverend Hale's investigations as well as the trials conducted by Danforth, Hathorne and the other judges? |
|
[ ] |
The United States Supreme Court |
[x] |
The House Un-American Activities Committee |
[ ] |
The United States Senate |
[ ] |
New York City Council |
|
|
6.
|
Why was Miller held in contempt of the U.S. Congress? |
|
[ ] |
He gave a false confession to the House Un-American Activities Committee |
[ ] |
He gave a list of false names of Communists to the House Un-American Activities Committee |
[x] |
He refused to give the names of suspected Communists present at meetings he had attended |
[ ] |
He confessed to spying for the Soviet Union before retracting his confession |
|
|
7.
|
Which of the following is true, according to Miller's notes in the text? |
|
[ ] |
Miller believed that the Salem witchcraft trials were based on utter fantasy |
[ ] |
Miller believed that the people of Salem were all engaged in devil worship |
[x] |
Miller believed that Tituba and the girls had engaged in activities they understood to be sorceries |
[ ] |
Miller believed that the people of Salem knew the stories about witchcraft to be fabricated |
|
|
8.
|
In his notes to the play, Miller writes, "In the countries of the Communist ideology all resistance of any import is linked to the totally malign capitalist succubi, and in America any man who is not reactionary in his views is open to the charge of alliance with the Red hell." What does this mean? |
|
[x] |
On both sides of the Cold War, it is easy for anyone who does not fully support the prevailing ideology to be demonised |
[ ] |
Communists and capitalists both equally believe in the reality of witches and the satanic |
[ ] |
Communists and capitalists are completely different in their approach to enemies |
[ ] |
Capitalists are succubi and Communists live in hell |
|
|
9.
|
The form of government in seventeenth-century Massachusetts Bay Colony is known as which of the following? |
|
[ ] |
Communism |
[ ] |
Fascism |
[x] |
Theocracy |
[ ] |
Representative Democracy |
|
|
10.
|
What information does Miller add to the end of the play, in the section entitled, "Echoes Down the Corridor"? |
|
[ ] |
Elizabeth Proctor's subsequent marriage |
[ ] |
Abigail's fate |
[ ] |
The intervention of the state government in ensuring compensation for victims |
[x] |
All of the above |
|
|