1.
|
Which of the following is the typical order of features in a river, from its start to discharging into the sea? |
|
[ ] |
Source, waterfall, meanders, rapids, estuary |
[ ] |
Source, waterfall, rapids, meanders, estuary |
[ ] |
Waterfall, estuary, meanders, rapids, source |
[ ] |
Source, estuary, waterfalls, meanders, rapids |
|
|
2.
|
If you took a slice of a river from the source to the mouth this would be called what? |
|
[ ] |
A cross profile |
[ ] |
A long profile |
[ ] |
A transect |
[ ] |
A course line |
|
|
3.
|
As a river moves from the mountains towards the sea its valley shape changes. How might you describe those changes? |
|
[ ] |
The steep sided valley with a narrow channel becomes a wider valley and channel as the river moves towards the sea |
[ ] |
The wide channel and the shallow valley become narrower and steeper as the river moves towards the sea |
[ ] |
The river gains extra energy as it moves towards the sea and it cuts into the valley making it steeper |
[ ] |
The river in the upper section cuts back the valley sides to form a wide u-shaped valley. As the river moves towards the sea the valley narrows but the channel widens |
|
|
4.
|
What shape would a typical cross section of a river in its upper course be? |
|
[ ] |
Narrow and shallow |
[ ] |
Wide and shallow |
[ ] |
Narrow and deep |
[ ] |
Wide and deep |
|
|
5.
|
Which of these areas is the most suitable for dams and reservoirs? |
|
[ ] |
A very shallow and wide valley with soft geology on either side |
[ ] |
A wide and shallow valley with settlements and structures built inside |
[ ] |
A flat flood plain |
[ ] |
A steep valley with hard geology on either side |
|
|
6.
|
What is a levee? |
|
[ ] |
A wall built across a river to increase the height of the water up river |
[ ] |
A structure built at right angles to the flow to build up sediment to protect a beach or wall |
[ ] |
A ridge of sediment deposited alongside a river, or a manmade embankment to stop the river overflowing |
[ ] |
The build-up of sediment in the middle of a river raising the river bed and causing the river to flood |
|
|
7.
|
How do levees form? |
|
[ ] |
As a river floods, once it leaves the channel the velocity drops and the heaviest material is deposited along the banks, causing a natural build-up of alluvium |
[ ] |
As the river under cuts the bank the hydrostatic pressure forces the bank and bed to rise up |
[ ] |
As rivers meander they leave behind high deposits of silt on the side of the rivers. These move out into the river and protect the banks |
[ ] |
As rivers change levels, the change in velocity causes the river to drop its sediment load and a wall to form across the river |
|
|
8.
|
What sort of features would you find in the upper course of a river? |
|
[ ] |
Rapids, wide shallow river, and high energy meanders |
[ ] |
V-shaped valley, interlocking spurs, and waterfalls |
[ ] |
Deep incised valleys and U shaped profiles |
[ ] |
Depositional structures, steep sided valleys, and sharp angular rocks |
|
|
9.
|
In the upper course, as the river erodes rock away, tapering ridges are formed. What are these known as? |
|
[ ] |
Meanders |
[ ] |
Glaciers |
[ ] |
Interlocking spurs |
[ ] |
Breccias |
|
|
10.
|
Waterfalls are defined as water cascading from a height. But how do these river features often form? |
|
[ ] |
Waterfalls form when rocks start to swirl round in the current and drill down through the hard layers of rock |
[ ] |
Waterfalls form when rivers pick up velocity and need to distribute excess energy |
[ ] |
Waterfalls only form when rock splits due to mountain forming processes |
[ ] |
Waterfalls form when water flows over different bands of rock, eroding the soft rock and undercutting the hard rock |
|
|