Layout and structure are two of the basics when it comes to letter writing. The dictionary tells us that the word "formal" means "being in accord with established forms, conventions and requirements". Letters can be written in both a formal and an informal manner.
How often do you write letters? Do you send letters to your family members who live far away? Have you sent a letter to a newspaper or a local official, such as a councillor? Perhaps you have never had a reason to send a letter at all!
Nonetheless, it is useful to know the rules for letter-writing for three reasons. The first of these is that you might need to write formal letters in future, especially for job applications. The second reason is that learning the rules of letter-writing helps you to distinguish between formal modes of address and informal. The final reason is that most of these rules apply to email, too, and knowing the rules will help you be confident in writing formal emails to people you do not know.
Test your knowledge of letter-writing with this quiz.
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A blog contains posts and messages, but not usually letters
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Friendly letters are informal
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A formal letter could also use names, as in "Dear Ms Smith"
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If you usually call John by his first name, you will write to him informally
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Use a capital for "Yours" and lower case for "faithfully"
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Although slightly old fashioned, "Best wishes" is still suited to informal, rather than formal, letters
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"Dear John", "Dear Madam", etc., are salutations
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Use "Yours sincerely" when you know the person's surname. Remember to put a second e in "sincerely"!
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"Yours faithfully", "Yours sincerely" and "Best wishes" are all valedictions
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Always include the date as a point of reference
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