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In high school, science students will be taught about how organisms use nerves and hormones. This quiz looks at the effect that hormones have in human fertility in particular.
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There are several chemical substances called hormones and they each have a different effect on us. Many processes within the human body are coordinated by hormones. They are secreted by glands and are usually transported to their target organs by the bloodstream.
Hormones regulate the functions of many organs and cells. For example, the monthly release of an egg from a woman’s ovaries and the changes in the thickness of the lining of her womb are controlled by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and by the ovaries.
Several hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle of a woman. Hormones are involved in promoting the release of an egg:
- Follicle stimulating hormone (abbreviated to FSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland and causes eggs to mature in the ovaries.
- FSH also stimulates the ovaries to produce hormones including estrogen.
- As estrogen levels increase, it inhibits production of FSH.
- Luteinising hormone (abbreviated to LH) stimulates the release of eggs from the ovary.
Human fertility is controlled by hormones. This means that knowledge of hormones can be used to decide to increase, or reduce, the chances of fertilization and pregnancy. Some women have levels of FSH and LH that are too low to stimulate egg production. Giving them a 'fertility drug' has the effect of stimulating their eggs to mature. Oral contraceptives contain hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that inhibit the production of FSH so that no eggs mature.
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1.
|
The female menstrual cycle is controlled by what? |
|
[ ] |
Messages from the brain sent via the nervous system |
[ ] |
The ovaries |
[ ] |
Several hormones |
[ ] |
The uterus |
|
|
2.
|
Choose the pair of words that best describes where hormones are produced and how they are transported. |
|
[ ] |
Brain, nerves |
[ ] |
Stomach, blood |
[ ] |
Bones, nerves |
[ ] |
Glands, blood |
|
|
3.
|
Which of the following hormones is not involved in human fertility? |
|
[ ] |
Aldosterone |
[ ] |
Progesterone |
[ ] |
FSH |
[ ] |
Luteinising hormone |
|
|
4.
|
In which gland are FSH and LH produced? |
|
[ ] |
Adrenal |
[ ] |
Thyroid |
[ ] |
Pituitary |
[ ] |
Hypothalmus |
|
|
5.
|
The hormone estrogen is secreted by the ovaries. Which of the following is a function of estrogen? |
|
[ ] |
Higher levels cause menstruation |
[ ] |
It maintains the lining of the uterus |
[ ] |
It causes the release of an egg from the ovary |
[ ] |
It stops FSH from being produced |
|
|
6.
|
The hormone progesterone is secreted by the ovaries. Which of the following is a function of progesterone? |
|
[ ] |
Higher levels cause menstruation |
[ ] |
It maintains the lining of the uterus |
[ ] |
It causes the release of an egg from the ovary |
[ ] |
It stops FSH from being produced |
|
|
7.
|
The oral contraceptive pill greatly reduces the chances of a woman producing mature eggs and therefore reduces her chances of becoming pregnant. Which of the following are possible side effects? |
|
[ ] |
Changes in weight, mood and blood pressure |
[ ] |
Acne and eczema |
[ ] |
Hair loss |
[ ] |
All of the above |
|
|
8.
|
How do fertility drugs work? |
|
[ ] |
They contain estrogen which stimulates egg production in the ovaries |
[ ] |
They contain progesterone which causes lots of eggs to be released from the ovaries |
[ ] |
They contain three hormones which fertilize an egg in the ovaries |
[ ] |
They contain FSH which stimulates eggs to mature in the ovaries |
|
|
9.
|
When is in vitro fertilization (IVF) used? |
|
[ ] |
When a woman is unable to produce her own eggs |
[ ] |
When the lining of the uterus cannot support natural fertilization |
[ ] |
When the quantity or quality of a man's sperm is poor |
[ ] |
When a couple wants to have twins |
|
|
10.
|
Why is FSH used during IVF? |
|
[ ] |
It increases the number of eggs available for fertilization |
[ ] |
It stimulates the uterus to be ready to receive the fertilized egg |
[ ] |
It prevents the woman's body from producing estrogen |
[ ] |
It helps the man produce better quality sperm |
|
|
1.
|
The female menstrual cycle is controlled by what? |
|
[ ] |
Messages from the brain sent via the nervous system |
[ ] |
The ovaries |
[x] |
Several hormones |
[ ] |
The uterus |
|
|
2.
|
Choose the pair of words that best describes where hormones are produced and how they are transported. |
|
[ ] |
Brain, nerves |
[ ] |
Stomach, blood |
[ ] |
Bones, nerves |
[x] |
Glands, blood |
|
|
3.
|
Which of the following hormones is not involved in human fertility? |
|
[x] |
Aldosterone |
[ ] |
Progesterone |
[ ] |
FSH |
[ ] |
Luteinising hormone |
|
|
4.
|
In which gland are FSH and LH produced? |
|
[ ] |
Adrenal |
[ ] |
Thyroid |
[x] |
Pituitary |
[ ] |
Hypothalmus |
|
|
5.
|
The hormone estrogen is secreted by the ovaries. Which of the following is a function of estrogen? |
|
[ ] |
Higher levels cause menstruation |
[ ] |
It maintains the lining of the uterus |
[ ] |
It causes the release of an egg from the ovary |
[x] |
It stops FSH from being produced |
|
|
6.
|
The hormone progesterone is secreted by the ovaries. Which of the following is a function of progesterone? |
|
[ ] |
Higher levels cause menstruation |
[x] |
It maintains the lining of the uterus |
[ ] |
It causes the release of an egg from the ovary |
[ ] |
It stops FSH from being produced |
|
|
7.
|
The oral contraceptive pill greatly reduces the chances of a woman producing mature eggs and therefore reduces her chances of becoming pregnant. Which of the following are possible side effects? |
|
[x] |
Changes in weight, mood and blood pressure |
[ ] |
Acne and eczema |
[ ] |
Hair loss |
[ ] |
All of the above |
|
|
8.
|
How do fertility drugs work? |
|
[ ] |
They contain estrogen which stimulates egg production in the ovaries |
[ ] |
They contain progesterone which causes lots of eggs to be released from the ovaries |
[ ] |
They contain three hormones which fertilize an egg in the ovaries |
[x] |
They contain FSH which stimulates eggs to mature in the ovaries |
|
|
9.
|
When is in vitro fertilization (IVF) used? |
|
[ ] |
When a woman is unable to produce her own eggs |
[ ] |
When the lining of the uterus cannot support natural fertilization |
[x] |
When the quantity or quality of a man's sperm is poor |
[ ] |
When a couple wants to have twins |
|
|
10.
|
Why is FSH used during IVF? |
|
[x] |
It increases the number of eggs available for fertilization |
[ ] |
It stimulates the uterus to be ready to receive the fertilized egg |
[ ] |
It prevents the woman's body from producing estrogen |
[ ] |
It helps the man produce better quality sperm |
|
|