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One of the topics covered in high school Science is the chemistry of crude oil and other fuels. This quiz looks in particular at the hydrocarbons and alkanes which are found in crude oil.
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Crude oil formed over a long period of time - millions of years in fact. It formed from the remains of dead sea creatures and plants that rotted down anaerobically (with little or no oxygen) as they became buried with sediments on ancient sea beds. The oil is trapped underground by layers of impermeable rocks and is extracted from the ground by drilling oil wells.
But what is the chemistry of crude oil? Well, it is a mixture of thousands of different chemicals which are mainly hydrocarbons. These are covalently bonded molecules made mainly from the elements hydrogen and carbon, in fact, most are only made from those two elements and are that is why they are called hydrocarbons.
The main types of hydrocarbon in crude oil come from the family of chemicals known as the alkanes - for example, octane, an important component of the gasoline that we use as fuel for cars. The larger alkanes with carbon chain lengths of over 35 atoms are soft solids and are used in the construction industry for roofing and roads.
Crude oil is also always associated with another fossil fuel, gas, because some of the molecules of the alkane family are very small. Small covalently bonded molecules are often gasses at room temperature. Natural gas is methane, the simplest alkane, and it is piped from the oil fields of the north sea to homes and businesses all over Britain.
But chemistry allows us to use crude oil for more than just fuel. There is more bitumen than can be used. To save throwing it away, it can be 'cracked'. This involves using heat and catalysts to break down the longer carbon chains into smaller molecules, including petroleum and molecules like ethene, which can be used to make plastics.
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1.
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Crude oil is a mixture of what? |
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| [ ] |
Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together |
| [ ] |
Two or more elements or compounds chemically combined together |
| [ ] |
Hydrocarbons combined together with water and gas |
| [ ] |
Mainly alkanes |
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2.
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What are hydrocarbons? |
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| [ ] |
Long chain molecules made from water and carbon |
| [ ] |
Short chain molecules made from water and carbon |
| [ ] |
Chemicals made from hydrogen and carbon chemically joined together |
| [ ] |
A food group that provides energy |
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3.
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Which of the following best describes most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil? |
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Saturated |
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Soaked |
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Soggy |
| [ ] |
Unsaturated |
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4.
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Which of the following best describes the saturated hydrocarbons in oil? |
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| [ ] |
Alcohols |
| [ ] |
Aldehydes |
| [ ] |
Alkenes |
| [ ] |
Alkanes |
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5.
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The formula of any alkane can be worked out from which of the following? |
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CnH2n |
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CnH3n |
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CnH2n+2 |
| [ ] |
CnHn |
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6.
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How are the different hydrocarbons separated from crude oil? |
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| [ ] |
Filtering |
| [ ] |
Centrifuging |
| [ ] |
Fractional distillation |
| [ ] |
Separating funnel |
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7.
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Which of the following lists contains the words missing from the following passage in the correct order?
The many __________ in crude oil may be separated into fractions by ___________ the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different ___________. This process is ___________ distillation. |
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| [ ] |
temperatures, evaporating, hydrocarbons, fractional |
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hydrocarbons, evaporating, temperatures, fractional |
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chemicals, evaporating, hydrocarbons, fractional |
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fuels, heating, places, evaporating |
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8.
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Which of the following best describes the smaller hydrocarbons when compared to large hydrocarbons? |
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The smaller hydrocarbons are more viscous |
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The smaller hydrocarbons are less flammable |
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The smaller hydrocarbons are more volatile |
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The smaller hydrocarbons produce more soot when they burn |
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9.
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The process of breaking down of the larger hydrocarbons to smaller, more useful chemicals is called what? |
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| [ ] |
Smashing |
| [ ] |
Cracking |
| [ ] |
Splitting |
| [ ] |
Breaking |
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10.
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Crude oil is made from alkanes. During cracking what other type of hydrocarbon is produced and how is it different from the alkanes? |
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Ethene is produced and it is colorless |
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Alkyne is produced and it is odorless. |
| [ ] |
Alcohol is produced and it is inflammable |
| [ ] |
Alkene is produced and it has a double covalent bond |
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1.
|
Crude oil is a mixture of what? |
|
| [x] |
Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together |
| [ ] |
Two or more elements or compounds chemically combined together |
| [ ] |
Hydrocarbons combined together with water and gas |
| [ ] |
Mainly alkanes |
|
|
|
2.
|
What are hydrocarbons? |
|
| [ ] |
Long chain molecules made from water and carbon |
| [ ] |
Short chain molecules made from water and carbon |
| [x] |
Chemicals made from hydrogen and carbon chemically joined together |
| [ ] |
A food group that provides energy |
|
|
|
3.
|
Which of the following best describes most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil? |
|
| [x] |
Saturated |
| [ ] |
Soaked |
| [ ] |
Soggy |
| [ ] |
Unsaturated |
|
|
|
4.
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Which of the following best describes the saturated hydrocarbons in oil? |
|
| [ ] |
Alcohols |
| [ ] |
Aldehydes |
| [ ] |
Alkenes |
| [x] |
Alkanes |
|
|
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5.
|
The formula of any alkane can be worked out from which of the following? |
|
| [ ] |
CnH2n |
| [ ] |
CnH3n |
| [x] |
CnH2n+2 |
| [ ] |
CnHn |
|
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6.
|
How are the different hydrocarbons separated from crude oil? |
|
| [ ] |
Filtering |
| [ ] |
Centrifuging |
| [x] |
Fractional distillation |
| [ ] |
Separating funnel |
|
|
|
7.
|
Which of the following lists contains the words missing from the following passage in the correct order?
The many __________ in crude oil may be separated into fractions by ___________ the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different ___________. This process is ___________ distillation. |
|
| [ ] |
temperatures, evaporating, hydrocarbons, fractional |
| [x] |
hydrocarbons, evaporating, temperatures, fractional |
| [ ] |
chemicals, evaporating, hydrocarbons, fractional |
| [ ] |
fuels, heating, places, evaporating |
|
|
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8.
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Which of the following best describes the smaller hydrocarbons when compared to large hydrocarbons? |
|
| [ ] |
The smaller hydrocarbons are more viscous |
| [ ] |
The smaller hydrocarbons are less flammable |
| [x] |
The smaller hydrocarbons are more volatile |
| [ ] |
The smaller hydrocarbons produce more soot when they burn |
|
|
|
9.
|
The process of breaking down of the larger hydrocarbons to smaller, more useful chemicals is called what? |
|
| [ ] |
Smashing |
| [x] |
Cracking |
| [ ] |
Splitting |
| [ ] |
Breaking |
|
|
|
10.
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Crude oil is made from alkanes. During cracking what other type of hydrocarbon is produced and how is it different from the alkanes? |
|
| [ ] |
Ethene is produced and it is colorless |
| [ ] |
Alkyne is produced and it is odorless. |
| [ ] |
Alcohol is produced and it is inflammable |
| [x] |
Alkene is produced and it has a double covalent bond |
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