This Chemistry quiz is called 'Chemistry - Other Uses of Crude Oil' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at high school. Playing educational quizzes is a user-friendly way to learn if you are in the 9th or 10th grade - aged 14 to 16.
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One of the major topics in high school Science is crude oil and other sources of fuel. This quiz looks specifically at some of the many different uses of crude oil, other than as a source of fuel.
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When crude oil is separated into its fractions many of the hydrocarbons can be used as fuels. These range from gasses, like propane and butane, to the heavy fuel oil that is used to power ships. The greater the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon, the more energy it releases when it is burnt. But, despite being a valuable source of energy, there is a downside to using hydrocarbons as fuel. Burning them releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the air, causing global warming and other types of environmental damage.
When crude oil became widely available in the middle of the nineteenth century, it wasn't long before the process of cracking was developed. This is used to break down the longer molecules into smaller and more reactive ones. There are many different ways of cracking crude oil chemicals but the one thing they all have in common is they require high temperatures. In schools, the only method of cracking you are likely to have seen (or done for yourself) is catalytic cracking. In this, a catalyst of broken pot is heated up to a high temperature and when a long molecule (for example those in liquid paraffin) passes over it is broken down to ethene and a smaller alkane. Other methods of cracking use high temperatures, high pressures and steam.
Cracking makes crude oil the source of other things besides fuel. Once cracking had been perfected, scientists found uses for the alkenes that were produced. They could be used to manufacture many new materials. You will probably be most familair with crude oil as a raw material for plastics but it is also used in a wide range of other products like antiseptics, drugs, inks, lubricating oils, fertilizers and many more. The uses of crude oil are expanded greatly by cracking, making it a source of many different products. Cracking is an important process as it enables us to use virtually everything in crude oil.
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1.
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During the cracking of alkanes from crude oil, one of the products is: |
|
| [ ] |
an alcohol |
| [ ] |
an aldehyde |
| [ ] |
an alkene |
| [ ] |
an alkyne |
|
|
|
2.
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What is the key difference between the alkanes and the alkenes that are produced by cracking, and what is the cause? |
|
| [ ] |
Alkenes are much more reactive as they are unsaturated |
| [ ] |
Alkanes are much more reactive as they are suturated |
| [ ] |
Alkenes have a smell because their chemical bonds are weak |
| [ ] |
Alkenes are all colored compounds because they polarize the light passing through them |
|
|
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3.
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What is the general formula for any alkene? |
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| [ ] |
CnH2n |
| [ ] |
C2nHn+2 |
| [ ] |
CnH2n+2 |
| [ ] |
CnH2 |
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|
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4.
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What is the test used to detect an alkene and what is the result? |
|
| [ ] |
Limewater/cloudy |
| [ ] |
Litmus paper/bleached |
| [ ] |
Bromine water/colourless |
| [ ] |
Universal indicator/brown |
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5.
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Which of the following represents a carbon to carbon double bond in an alkene? |
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| [ ] |
CxC |
| [ ] |
--CC |
| [ ] |
C-d-C |
| [ ] |
C=C |
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6.
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Ethanol can be added to gasoline used in car engines. Why is this? |
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| [ ] |
It makes cars travel faster |
| [ ] |
It is a good way of getting rid of the ethanol that we don't need |
| [ ] |
It makes the fuel easier to burn than just using gasoline on its own |
| [ ] |
It burns more cleanly, reducing air pollution |
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7.
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Ethanol can be made by fermenting plants or from the ethene obtained by cracking crude oil. What would be a disadvantage of making it from oil? |
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| [ ] |
It comes from a renewable source |
| [ ] |
It comes from a non-renewable source |
| [ ] |
It contains more impurities |
| [ ] |
It doesn't mix as easily with gasoline as the ethanol from plants |
|
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8.
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Which of the fractions of oil is most often used to manufacture chemicals instead of being used as a fuel? |
|
| [ ] |
Petrol |
| [ ] |
Naptha |
| [ ] |
Kerosene |
| [ ] |
Residue |
|
|
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9.
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Why is the residue fraction often used for cracking? |
|
| [ ] |
It is too sticky to use for anything else |
| [ ] |
The molecules are very small |
| [ ] |
It is the cheapest thing to do with it |
| [ ] |
There is more produced than is used |
|
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10.
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Read the following passage. Which answer gives the missing words in the correct order?
There are two good reasons for cracking oil __________. Firstly, there just aren't enough fuels like gasoline or _________ in the original crude oil to meet demand. Secondly, _______ that are needed to manufacture other chemicals are not found in oil but can be made from it. Cracking means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products and not just burnt as ______. |
|
| [ ] |
portions, ethanol, alkanes, fuels |
| [ ] |
fractions, diesel, alkenes, fuels |
| [ ] |
elements, diesel, alkanes, water |
| [ ] |
compounds, gasoline, alkenes, hydrogen |
|
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|
1.
|
During the cracking of alkanes from crude oil, one of the products is: |
|
| [ ] |
an alcohol |
| [ ] |
an aldehyde |
| [x] |
an alkene |
| [ ] |
an alkyne |
|
|
|
2.
|
What is the key difference between the alkanes and the alkenes that are produced by cracking, and what is the cause? |
|
| [x] |
Alkenes are much more reactive as they are unsaturated |
| [ ] |
Alkanes are much more reactive as they are suturated |
| [ ] |
Alkenes have a smell because their chemical bonds are weak |
| [ ] |
Alkenes are all colored compounds because they polarize the light passing through them |
|
|
|
3.
|
What is the general formula for any alkene? |
|
| [x] |
CnH2n |
| [ ] |
C2nHn+2 |
| [ ] |
CnH2n+2 |
| [ ] |
CnH2 |
|
|
|
4.
|
What is the test used to detect an alkene and what is the result? |
|
| [ ] |
Limewater/cloudy |
| [ ] |
Litmus paper/bleached |
| [x] |
Bromine water/colourless |
| [ ] |
Universal indicator/brown |
|
|
|
5.
|
Which of the following represents a carbon to carbon double bond in an alkene? |
|
| [ ] |
CxC |
| [ ] |
--CC |
| [ ] |
C-d-C |
| [x] |
C=C |
|
|
|
6.
|
Ethanol can be added to gasoline used in car engines. Why is this? |
|
| [ ] |
It makes cars travel faster |
| [ ] |
It is a good way of getting rid of the ethanol that we don't need |
| [ ] |
It makes the fuel easier to burn than just using gasoline on its own |
| [x] |
It burns more cleanly, reducing air pollution |
|
|
|
7.
|
Ethanol can be made by fermenting plants or from the ethene obtained by cracking crude oil. What would be a disadvantage of making it from oil? |
|
| [ ] |
It comes from a renewable source |
| [x] |
It comes from a non-renewable source |
| [ ] |
It contains more impurities |
| [ ] |
It doesn't mix as easily with gasoline as the ethanol from plants |
|
|
|
8.
|
Which of the fractions of oil is most often used to manufacture chemicals instead of being used as a fuel? |
|
| [ ] |
Petrol |
| [x] |
Naptha |
| [ ] |
Kerosene |
| [ ] |
Residue |
|
|
|
9.
|
Why is the residue fraction often used for cracking? |
|
| [ ] |
It is too sticky to use for anything else |
| [ ] |
The molecules are very small |
| [ ] |
It is the cheapest thing to do with it |
| [x] |
There is more produced than is used |
|
|
|
10.
|
Read the following passage. Which answer gives the missing words in the correct order?
There are two good reasons for cracking oil __________. Firstly, there just aren't enough fuels like gasoline or _________ in the original crude oil to meet demand. Secondly, _______ that are needed to manufacture other chemicals are not found in oil but can be made from it. Cracking means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products and not just burnt as ______. |
|
| [ ] |
portions, ethanol, alkanes, fuels |
| [x] |
fractions, diesel, alkenes, fuels |
| [ ] |
elements, diesel, alkanes, water |
| [ ] |
compounds, gasoline, alkenes, hydrogen |
|
|
