This Biology quiz is called 'Clinical Trial' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at middle school. Playing educational quizzes is a fabulous way to learn if you are in the 6th, 7th or 8th grade - aged 11 to 14.
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Drugs affect our body chemistry and are used in a variety of different ways to help healing - painkillers, antibiotics, vaccines and so on. When new drugs are developed they need to be tested prior to medical use in humans, and seeing how this is done is one part of middle school Biology. Clinical trials involve the large scale testing of drugs on volunteers and provide essential information about their safety and efficacy (how effectively they work). During clinical trials, the volunteers are monitored closely and any side effects can be discovered too.
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Clinical trials need to be carried out under carefully controlled conditions in order not to come to the wrong conclusions and jeopardize patients' safety. In a blind trial, the best method of testing, the patients do not know whether they are being given the drug or a placebo. A placebo is something that looks like the drug but actually contains no active ingredients. In some trials, neither the doctors nor the patients know who has taken what until the trial is over. This is a very good way of filtering out any errors.
In the 1950s, a drug called thalidomide was being developed and testing was done on people with respiratory diseases. After some clinical trials it was also found to be an anti-emetic, in other words, it prevented vomiting. During pregnancy, many women suffering from morning sickness bought the drug. It had never been tested on pregnant women and shortly after it went on sale, some of these women gave birth to badly deformed babies, half of whom died. Following this tragedy, regulations about clinical trials before new drugs could be sold were changed, in order to avoid something like this occuring in the future. Thalidomide is still being used but as an anti-cancer and anti-leprosy drug, where its safety has been thoroughly ensured.
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1.
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In a double blind trial, who is allowed to know if the patient has taken the drug? |
|
[ ] |
Both patients and doctors |
[ ] |
Neither patients or doctors |
[ ] |
Patients know but doctors do not |
[ ] |
Only the doctors know |
|
|
2.
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What does a placebo consist of? |
|
[ ] |
A drug |
[ ] |
No drug |
[ ] |
Salt |
[ ] |
Water |
|
|
3.
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Which word describes the effectiveness of a drug? |
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[ ] |
Its efficacy |
[ ] |
Its ethics |
[ ] |
Its dose |
[ ] |
Its authority |
|
|
4.
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Before clinical trials, which of the following are new drugs not tested on for toxicity? |
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[ ] |
Cells |
[ ] |
Humans |
[ ] |
Tissues |
[ ] |
Animals |
|
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5.
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The drug thalidomide was banned because it caused which side effect? |
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[ ] |
Heart problems |
[ ] |
Kidney disease |
[ ] |
Limb deformities |
[ ] |
Deafness |
|
|
6.
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Statins are drugs which lower the blood concentration of what? |
|
[ ] |
Cholesterol |
[ ] |
Amino acids |
[ ] |
Glucose |
[ ] |
Insulin |
|
|
7.
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Which of the following is a reason that patients must stop taking a prescribed drug? |
|
[ ] |
If the benefits outweigh the side effects |
[ ] |
If the drug has been shown not to work |
[ ] |
If no toxicity is observed |
[ ] |
If the optimum dose is achieved |
|
|
8.
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During a clinical trial, variables need to be controlled including age, state of health and what else? |
|
[ ] |
Gender |
[ ] |
Temperature |
[ ] |
Hair color |
[ ] |
pH |
|
|
9.
|
A sample of what is taken when athletes are routinely drug tested? |
|
[ ] |
A sample of hair |
[ ] |
A sample of blood |
[ ] |
A sample of feces |
[ ] |
A sample of muscle |
|
|
10.
|
New drugs are all tested for efficacy, toxicity, dosage and what else? |
|
[ ] |
Safety |
[ ] |
Variables |
[ ] |
Placebo |
[ ] |
Double blind |
|
|
1.
|
In a double blind trial, who is allowed to know if the patient has taken the drug? |
|
[ ] |
Both patients and doctors |
[x] |
Neither patients or doctors |
[ ] |
Patients know but doctors do not |
[ ] |
Only the doctors know |
|
|
2.
|
What does a placebo consist of? |
|
[ ] |
A drug |
[x] |
No drug |
[ ] |
Salt |
[ ] |
Water |
|
|
3.
|
Which word describes the effectiveness of a drug? |
|
[x] |
Its efficacy |
[ ] |
Its ethics |
[ ] |
Its dose |
[ ] |
Its authority |
|
|
4.
|
Before clinical trials, which of the following are new drugs not tested on for toxicity? |
|
[ ] |
Cells |
[x] |
Humans |
[ ] |
Tissues |
[ ] |
Animals |
|
|
5.
|
The drug thalidomide was banned because it caused which side effect? |
|
[ ] |
Heart problems |
[ ] |
Kidney disease |
[x] |
Limb deformities |
[ ] |
Deafness |
|
|
6.
|
Statins are drugs which lower the blood concentration of what? |
|
[x] |
Cholesterol |
[ ] |
Amino acids |
[ ] |
Glucose |
[ ] |
Insulin |
|
|
7.
|
Which of the following is a reason that patients must stop taking a prescribed drug? |
|
[ ] |
If the benefits outweigh the side effects |
[x] |
If the drug has been shown not to work |
[ ] |
If no toxicity is observed |
[ ] |
If the optimum dose is achieved |
|
|
8.
|
During a clinical trial, variables need to be controlled including age, state of health and what else? |
|
[x] |
Gender |
[ ] |
Temperature |
[ ] |
Hair color |
[ ] |
pH |
|
|
9.
|
A sample of what is taken when athletes are routinely drug tested? |
|
[ ] |
A sample of hair |
[x] |
A sample of blood |
[ ] |
A sample of feces |
[ ] |
A sample of muscle |
|
|
10.
|
New drugs are all tested for efficacy, toxicity, dosage and what else? |
|
[x] |
Safety |
[ ] |
Variables |
[ ] |
Placebo |
[ ] |
Double blind |
|
|