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Respiration is the method that all living cells use to produce energy. There are two types of respiration, depending on the levels of oxygen available to a cell - aerobic if there is plenty of oxygen or anaerobic if the oxygen supply is insufficient. Aerobic respiration gives a greater yield of energy than anaerobic respiration. During aerobic respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy.
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The waste products are carbon dioxide and water which leave the cell and are eliminated from the body of the plant or animal.
Respiration occurs inside the the mitochondria of a cell and is actually carried out through a complex set of chemical reactions controlled by enzymes. Whichever way you look at it, respiration can be represented by the following equation:
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
Whenever you see the word equation for respiration, the energy is usually shown in parentheses because it is not a substance. You probably won't lose a mark in an exam for forgetting, but it would impress the examiners if you remembered! The energy released by aerobic respiration is used in a number of different ways. Two important ones that you need to know are that it is used to build up new chemicals, such as proteins from amino acids, and to maintain the body temperature in warm blooded animals. It is also used to produce the contractions in muscle cells that enable animals to move.
How much do you know about aerobic respiration? Find out by playing this quiz on the subject.
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1.
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What does respiration release? |
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Food |
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Waste |
| [ ] |
Energy |
| [ ] |
Light |
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2.
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What does aerobic mean? |
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| [ ] |
With oxygen |
| [ ] |
With carbon dioxide |
| [ ] |
With hydrogen |
| [ ] |
With nitrogen |
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3.
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One reactant in aerobic respiration is oxygen. What is the other? |
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| [ ] |
Glucose |
| [ ] |
Waste |
| [ ] |
Urea |
| [ ] |
Amino acid |
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4.
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Energy is released from which cell organelle? |
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| [ ] |
Nucleus |
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Cytoplasm |
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Chloroplast |
| [ ] |
Mitochondrion |
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5.
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What is the waste gas released by aerobic respiration? |
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Carbon monoxide |
| [ ] |
Ozone |
| [ ] |
Carbon dioxide |
| [ ] |
Ammonia |
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6.
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Energy from respiration is not used for which of the following? |
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| [ ] |
Muscle contraction |
| [ ] |
Building larger molecules from smaller ones |
| [ ] |
Maintaining a constant body temperature in fish and reptiles |
| [ ] |
Maintaining a constant body temperature in mammals and birds |
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7.
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In plants, energy is used to convert sugars into amino acids. Which of the following are made up from amino acids? |
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| [ ] |
Proteins |
| [ ] |
Fats |
| [ ] |
DNA |
| [ ] |
Starch |
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8.
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During exercise, what happens to the rate and depth of breathing? |
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| [ ] |
It increases |
| [ ] |
It decreases |
| [ ] |
It stays the same |
| [ ] |
It goes up and then down again |
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9.
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During exercise, the heart rate increases to increase blood flow to which part of the body? |
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| [ ] |
The kidneys |
| [ ] |
The muscles |
| [ ] |
The ears |
| [ ] |
The eyes |
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10.
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Muscles store glucose in which form? |
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| [ ] |
As starch |
| [ ] |
As glycogen |
| [ ] |
As protein |
| [ ] |
As oxygen |
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1.
|
What does respiration release? |
|
| [ ] |
Food |
| [ ] |
Waste |
| [x] |
Energy |
| [ ] |
Light |
|
|
|
2.
|
What does aerobic mean? |
|
| [x] |
With oxygen |
| [ ] |
With carbon dioxide |
| [ ] |
With hydrogen |
| [ ] |
With nitrogen |
|
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|
3.
|
One reactant in aerobic respiration is oxygen. What is the other? |
|
| [x] |
Glucose |
| [ ] |
Waste |
| [ ] |
Urea |
| [ ] |
Amino acid |
|
|
|
4.
|
Energy is released from which cell organelle? |
|
| [ ] |
Nucleus |
| [ ] |
Cytoplasm |
| [ ] |
Chloroplast |
| [x] |
Mitochondrion |
|
|
|
5.
|
What is the waste gas released by aerobic respiration? |
|
| [ ] |
Carbon monoxide |
| [ ] |
Ozone |
| [x] |
Carbon dioxide |
| [ ] |
Ammonia |
|
|
|
6.
|
Energy from respiration is not used for which of the following? |
|
| [ ] |
Muscle contraction |
| [ ] |
Building larger molecules from smaller ones |
| [x] |
Maintaining a constant body temperature in fish and reptiles |
| [ ] |
Maintaining a constant body temperature in mammals and birds |
|
|
|
7.
|
In plants, energy is used to convert sugars into amino acids. Which of the following are made up from amino acids? |
|
| [x] |
Proteins |
| [ ] |
Fats |
| [ ] |
DNA |
| [ ] |
Starch |
|
|
|
8.
|
During exercise, what happens to the rate and depth of breathing? |
|
| [x] |
It increases |
| [ ] |
It decreases |
| [ ] |
It stays the same |
| [ ] |
It goes up and then down again |
|
|
|
9.
|
During exercise, the heart rate increases to increase blood flow to which part of the body? |
|
| [ ] |
The kidneys |
| [x] |
The muscles |
| [ ] |
The ears |
| [ ] |
The eyes |
|
|
|
10.
|
Muscles store glucose in which form? |
|
| [ ] |
As starch |
| [x] |
As glycogen |
| [ ] |
As protein |
| [ ] |
As oxygen |
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