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Science: Middle School: Grades 6, 7 and 8 Quiz - Anatomy - Musculoskeletal System (Questions)

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The musculoskeletal system consists of all the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, joints and ligaments in a person's body. While the bones provide the body’s structure and support, the muscles supply the body’s movement abilities. In middle school you'll learn about the skeleton and about the body’s muscles. Here we cover the two systems combined as they each have to work in unison in order to make the body work.

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Skeletal System

The skeletal system is divided into two major parts:

  1. Axial skeleton – which are the bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid bone, the ribs, and the sternum (breastbone).
  2. Appendicular skeleton – which is the shoulder bones, the arms, the hip bones and the legs.

Structure of Bones

A bone is enclosed in a protective sheath known as the periosteum which contains blood vessels that help supply nutrients to the bone. Bones are classified into four general categories according to their shape and size as follows:

  1. Long bones (such as the bones of the arms and legs)
  2. Short bones (such as the wrist and ankle)
  3. Flat bones (such as the bone that protects the brain, rib bones)
  4. Irregular bones (such as facial bones)

Another part of the musculoskeletal system includes the joints of the body. There are six major joints as follows:

  1. Hinge joint (knee)
  2. Ball-and-socket joint (hip and shoulder)
  3. Pivot joint (elbow)
  4. Ellipsoid joint (fingers and toes)
  5. Gliding joint (wrist and ankle)
  6. Saddle joint (thumb)

Muscles

All muscles perform their work by contracting. Connective tissue covering a muscle tapers into a tough cord called a tendon. Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by means of tendons. All skeletal muscles are attached at both ends.

The deltoid muscles form the curves of your shoulders and allow you to raise your arms out to the side. Your bicep brachii muscles allow you to bend your arms at the elbow. Your tricep brachii muscle lets you straighten your arms.

The hamstrings are a group of three muscles in the back of your thigh and work together to bend the leg at the knee.

When learning and coming to understand the musculoskeletal system, like many other things in science, there comes a vocabulary list that helps to identify the different parts of the system. Among those vocabulary words, and their meanings, are the following (see below).

If you are thinking of entering into the medical field one day, knowing this information will be invaluable to giving you a head start into your field of study. Even if you do not enter into that field, understanding the skeleton and muscle structure will help you to make wiser choices about what you do to your body and how to keep it healthy.

Building upon your understanding of the human body, below are ten questions on the musculoskeletal system. See if you can challenge yourself to get all the answers correct!

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1. These are the bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid bone, the ribs, and the sternum.
[ ] Axial skeleton
[ ] Appendicular skeleton
[ ] Periosteum
[ ] Irregular bones
2. These supply the body’s movement abilities.
[ ] Tendons
[ ] Periosteum
[ ] Muscles
[ ] Musculoskeletal system
3. This is the shoulder bones, the arms, the hip bones and the legs.
[ ] Irregular bones
[ ] Appendicular skeleton
[ ] Axial skeleton
[ ] Deltoids
4. A bone is enclosed in a protective sheath known as the ______ which contains blood vessels that help supply nutrients to the bone.
[ ] tendon
[ ] tarsal
[ ] ligament
[ ] periosteum
5. Bones are classified into four general categories. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories?
[ ] Short bones
[ ] Long bones
[ ] Regular bones
[ ] Flat bones
6. The hinge joint is more commonly known as the _____.
[ ] wrist
[ ] knee
[ ] elbow
[ ] hip
7. The ellipsoid joint is more commonly known as the ________.
[ ] wrist
[ ] thumb
[ ] ankle
[ ] fingers and toes
8. This is a rigid ring of thick bone that supports most of the body’s weight.
[ ] Pelvic girdle
[ ] Femur
[ ] Tibia
[ ] Bicep
9. This is the study of the structure, functions, disorders and diseases of the muscular system.
[ ] Osteology
[ ] Biology
[ ] Myology
[ ] Cardiology
10. These are a group of three muscles in the back of your thigh and work together to bend the leg at the knee.
[ ] Triceps
[ ] Hamstrings
[ ] Tarsals
[ ] Biceps
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Science: Middle School: Grades 6, 7 and 8 Quiz - Anatomy - Musculoskeletal System (Answers)
1. These are the bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid bone, the ribs, and the sternum.
[x] Axial skeleton
[ ] Appendicular skeleton
[ ] Periosteum
[ ] Irregular bones
The axial skeleton are the bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid bone, the ribs, and the sternum. Answer (a) is correct
2. These supply the body’s movement abilities.
[ ] Tendons
[ ] Periosteum
[x] Muscles
[ ] Musculoskeletal system
The muscles supply the body’s movement abilities. Answer (c) is correct
3. This is the shoulder bones, the arms, the hip bones and the legs.
[ ] Irregular bones
[x] Appendicular skeleton
[ ] Axial skeleton
[ ] Deltoids
The appendicular skeleton is the shoulder bones, the arms, the hip bones and the legs. Answer (b) is correct
4. A bone is enclosed in a protective sheath known as the ______ which contains blood vessels that help supply nutrients to the bone.
[ ] tendon
[ ] tarsal
[ ] ligament
[x] periosteum
A bone is enclosed in a protective sheath known as the periosteum which contains blood vessels that help supply nutrients to the bone. Answer (d) is correct
5. Bones are classified into four general categories. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories?
[ ] Short bones
[ ] Long bones
[x] Regular bones
[ ] Flat bones
Bones are classified into four general categories that are the short bones, the long bones, the flat bones and the irregular bones. The regular bones is NOT one of the categories. Answer (c) is correct
6. The hinge joint is more commonly known as the _____.
[ ] wrist
[x] knee
[ ] elbow
[ ] hip
The hinge joint is more commonly known as the knee. Answer (b) is correct
7. The ellipsoid joint is more commonly known as the ________.
[ ] wrist
[ ] thumb
[ ] ankle
[x] fingers and toes
The ellipsoid joint is more commonly known as the fingers and toes. Answer (d) is correct
8. This is a rigid ring of thick bone that supports most of the body’s weight.
[x] Pelvic girdle
[ ] Femur
[ ] Tibia
[ ] Bicep
The pelvic girdle is a rigid ring of thick bone that supports most of the body’s weight. Answer (a) is correct
9. This is the study of the structure, functions, disorders and diseases of the muscular system.
[ ] Osteology
[ ] Biology
[x] Myology
[ ] Cardiology
Myology is the study of the structure, functions, disorders and diseases of the muscular system. Answer (c) is correct
10. These are a group of three muscles in the back of your thigh and work together to bend the leg at the knee.
[ ] Triceps
[x] Hamstrings
[ ] Tarsals
[ ] Biceps
The hamstrings are a group of three muscles in the back of your thigh and work together to bend the leg at the knee. Answer (b) is correct