Studying spoken language, how we speak, can be fascinating. When you transcribe recorded speech you become aware of the difference between writing and speech. Spontaneous speech contains repetition, fillers, hesitations, interruptions, unfinished sentences and sentences which appear ungrammatical. A good dialogue, or speaking with others, also involves turn-taking and cooperation.
See how well you understand the technical aspects of spoken language by trying this quiz.
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You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Voice
A transcript includes the hesitations, interruptions, unfinished sentences, filler words, etc., which are present in spoken language
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Scripted speech has been written (and probably rehearsed) beforehand; spontaneous speech is unrehearsed
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Fillers give the speaker a chance to think - they can also be used to discourage another speaker from taking a turn in the conversation
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Speakers frequently interrupt each other, so it's important to be sensitive to the tone of the interruption
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As with interruptions, there are many different reasons why a speaker might pause: a change of mind, hesitating to finish the sentence, asking the other person a question, indicating that it is someone else's turn to speak, etc.
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Phatic communication is generally called 'small talk'
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Part of a word might be stressed, rather than the entire word
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Sometimes speakers say the same thing; sometimes they finish each other's sentences; at other times, an overlap might result from a disagreement between the two speakers
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