This Geography quiz looks at global inequalities. There are global differences in economic development and quality of life. There are several ways of measuring these global inequalities, the ones that you need to know for your GCSE are the GNI (Gross National Income per person), birth and death rates including infant mortality, life expectancy, people per doctor, literacy rates, availability of clean water and the HDI (Human Development Index).
The demographic transition model illustrates how a population changes with time. Despite its grand sounding title, it is designed to look at how birth and death rates have an impact on the population of an area or country. There are five stages and each is linked to a stage of development - you are expected to know the five stages and be able to give examples of areas or countries at each stage.
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You also need to know some of the causes of these inequalities and the consequences of them. For example, areas in the tropical rainforests of South America are very remote and difficult to access so trade, good healthcare, access to clean water and so on is very limited. The consequence of this is that the people living in the area will have low incomes and short life expectancies which could lead them to migrate. In some countries, for example the LEDC Romania, the desire to have a better quality of life has led to international migration.
Various strategies exist for reducing the global development gap between countries. Some of these are carried out by governments, for example aid, debt relief and loans. TNCs (Trans-national companies) will invest, bringing industrial development to LEDCs. This benefits both the LEDC and the TNC as labour costs are lower but there are jobs for local people and in most cases, there is extra income for the LEDC in the form of taxes on business profits. Other strategies that help to reduce global inequality are fairtrade agreements and the massively important tourism industry. Spending from foreign tourists can introduce a lot of money into some deprived areas which lack the resources for other industry.
Some LEDCs and NEEs (newly emerging economies - also known as NICs or newly industrialised countries) are now experiencing rapid economic development which leads to significant social, environmental and cultural change. An example of this is China where there are extremes of poverty and wealth, uncontrolled pollution from industrial activity and power generation, environmental damage from large-scale projects and significant cultural change.
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1.
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Which of the following is NOT a way of measuring global inequality? |
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[ ] |
Population |
[ ] |
HDI |
[ ] |
Literacy rates |
[ ] |
Birth and death rates |
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2.
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How does the GDI differ from the GNI? |
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[ ] |
There is one letter different |
[ ] |
The GNI includes income from overseas |
[ ] |
There is no difference between them |
[ ] |
The GDI measures industrial output whereas the GNI is a measure of how much money is earnt from tourism |
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3.
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How many stages are there in the demographic transition model? |
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4.
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In which of the stages of the demographic transition model is the population stable? |
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[ ] |
1 and 3 |
[ ] |
3 and 4 |
[ ] |
1 and 4 |
[ ] |
2 and 4 |
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5.
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Italian women are deciding that a career is more important than a family and many decide to not have children at all by being sterilised. On the basis of that information, at which stage of the demographic transition model is Italy? |
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6.
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The demographic transition model (DMT) has limitations, not all countries will pass through all stages. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the DMT? |
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[ ] |
Some countries will never become industrialised |
[ ] |
The model was based on experiences of countries in western Europe and north America |
[ ] |
The model failed to predict the aging and falling populations in some MEDCs |
[ ] |
The model does not take into account whether the country is ruled by a dictator, government, monarch or political party |
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7.
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Which of the following factors could slow down the economic development of an area within a country? |
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[ ] |
Poor communications |
[ ] |
Lack of resources and goods to sell |
[ ] |
Poor healthcare |
[ ] |
All of the above |
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8.
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Many MEDCs make allowances in their domestic budgets to provide aid to LEDCs. Which of the following types of aid is NEVER given directly by a single government? |
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[ ] |
Conditional aid |
[ ] |
Multilateral aid |
[ ] |
Tied aid |
[ ] |
Emergency aid |
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9.
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Which of the following is NOT used for the HDI (human development index)? |
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[ ] |
The GDP of a country |
[ ] |
Access to jobs |
[ ] |
Nutrition |
[ ] |
Access to health services |
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10.
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One factor that is used to determine the development level of a country is how the economy is distributed between the four sectors of industry. Which of the following is the correct name for this distribution? |
|
[ ] |
Demographics |
[ ] |
Gross National Income |
[ ] |
Economic structure |
[ ] |
Inequality of wealth |
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|
1.
|
Which of the following is NOT a way of measuring global inequality? |
|
[x] |
Population |
[ ] |
HDI |
[ ] |
Literacy rates |
[ ] |
Birth and death rates |
|
|
2.
|
How does the GDI differ from the GNI? |
|
[ ] |
There is one letter different |
[x] |
The GNI includes income from overseas |
[ ] |
There is no difference between them |
[ ] |
The GDI measures industrial output whereas the GNI is a measure of how much money is earnt from tourism |
|
|
3.
|
How many stages are there in the demographic transition model? |
|
|
|
4.
|
In which of the stages of the demographic transition model is the population stable? |
|
[ ] |
1 and 3 |
[ ] |
3 and 4 |
[x] |
1 and 4 |
[ ] |
2 and 4 |
|
|
5.
|
Italian women are deciding that a career is more important than a family and many decide to not have children at all by being sterilised. On the basis of that information, at which stage of the demographic transition model is Italy? |
|
|
|
6.
|
The demographic transition model (DMT) has limitations, not all countries will pass through all stages. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the DMT? |
|
[ ] |
Some countries will never become industrialised |
[ ] |
The model was based on experiences of countries in western Europe and north America |
[ ] |
The model failed to predict the aging and falling populations in some MEDCs |
[x] |
The model does not take into account whether the country is ruled by a dictator, government, monarch or political party |
|
|
7.
|
Which of the following factors could slow down the economic development of an area within a country? |
|
[ ] |
Poor communications |
[ ] |
Lack of resources and goods to sell |
[ ] |
Poor healthcare |
[x] |
All of the above |
|
|
8.
|
Many MEDCs make allowances in their domestic budgets to provide aid to LEDCs. Which of the following types of aid is NEVER given directly by a single government? |
|
[ ] |
Conditional aid |
[x] |
Multilateral aid |
[ ] |
Tied aid |
[ ] |
Emergency aid |
|
|
9.
|
Which of the following is NOT used for the HDI (human development index)? |
|
[x] |
The GDP of a country |
[ ] |
Access to jobs |
[ ] |
Nutrition |
[ ] |
Access to health services |
|
|
10.
|
One factor that is used to determine the development level of a country is how the economy is distributed between the four sectors of industry. Which of the following is the correct name for this distribution? |
|
[ ] |
Demographics |
[ ] |
Gross National Income |
[x] |
Economic structure |
[ ] |
Inequality of wealth |
|
|