In GCSE History students will be taught about China under Mao. One question they will explore is how and why China became a Communist state.
How did Mao come to be leader of China? Why did his people support him? In 1930 China was sharply divided between Mao's Communist Party and the Nationalist KMT, led by the corrupt Chiang Kai-Shek. The civil war between the two resumed vigorously after 1945, and by 1949 the Communists had won and Mao became leader of the state. Chiang took refuge on an off-shore island vowing to return to rule China.
Learn more about how and why China became a Communist state in this quiz.
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The civil war died down, rather than stopping altogether. Japan overcame resistance in Manchuria, where they proceeded to set up a puppet state
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Here Mao could set up his model of a Communist state, where he hoped to be free from KMT interference
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Approximately 100,000 people set out, of whom 20,000 arrived
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Mao was determined to adapt Marxism to the circumstances of China
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Mao used the period in Yenan to consolidate his hold on the Party, and on the line of command within it
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Stilwell ("Vinegar Joe") was frank in his dispatches to the White House
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Mao was suspicious of many of the Party's cadres, of the army and China's bureaucracy generally. He worried that they could lose their revolutionary zeal or even revert to Capitalism
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Chiang expected to return to the mainland quite soon to re-establish his regime, but this seemed more and more unlikely as Mao consolidated his position
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The Nationalists fought vigorously to retain this privilege
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They were much more likely to ally - if only temporarily - with the KMT. They were brutal and reactionary, and they played their part in alienating peasant opinion away from the KMT
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