When we speak or write we often feel like kicking ourselves for repeating some words or sentences unnecessarily. Sometimes, we want to stress something and we repeat so as to drive home the point. At other times the repetition may be superfluous. There are many methods we can use when avoiding repetition and this is the first of three High English grammar quizzes which will show you some of them.
Generally, there are instances where repetition is acceptable in sentences and there are other instances where it is not acceptable. The sentence:
‘I am very, very happy,’ can easily be changed to:
‘I am very happy.’
However, in this instance the repetition is desirable or acceptable as the sentence is trying to enhance the effect that a person is happy. Now look at this sentence:
[readmore]‘I see that the second one-day international between India and Bangladesh is being played in Dacca and I plan to see the second one-day international between India and Bangladesh being played in Dacca.’
Here the repetitions are jarring, so how could we go about avoiding the repetition? The same sentence could be written as:
‘I see that the second one-day international between India and Bangladesh is being played in Dacca and I plan to see the MATCH THERE.’
Notice that we have replaced the first part, ‘the second one-day international between India and Bangladesh’ by MATCH, and the second part, ‘being played in Dacca’ by THERE. Now, the sentence is more cogent and less jarring.
In the example above the references to context are clear and we can avoid repetitions easily. In other cases the references may not be so clear. Using pronouns is a normal way for avoiding repetitions. Sometimes we could use other words also. For instance:
‘Mustaq and Riyan are brothers. Mustaq and Riyan like Hindi movies.’ can be written as:
‘Mustaq and Riyan are brothers. Both brothers like Hindi movies.’
Here we have replaced ‘Mustaq and Riyan’ by ‘both brothers.’ When you break down the elements of sentences it is easy to avoid repetitions of words and the quiz that follows tells you exactly how.
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The repetition is acceptable as the writer or speaker is trying to emphasise the broad nature of streets in Bangalore. In option 2, by removing one 'broad' the sentence loses emphasis. In option 3, if both 'broads' are removed then the essence of qualifying the streets is lost. In option 4, replacing with 'wide' does not show as much emphasis as the second 'broad' does
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We have avoided repetition of 'I yearn' and replaced mother with 'her.' In the other options we have removed or replaced only one of the elements whereas it is possible to remove or replace all the repetitive elements
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We have avoided repetition of 'The speaker discusses' and replaced 'road accidents' with 'their' and 'them.' In the other options we have removed or replaced only one of the elements whereas it is possible to remove or replace all the repetitive elements
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The essence of repetition is to ensure that original meaning is not lost. Both options 1 and 2 have discarded the second 'polling day' and used alternative phrases ensuring the meaning is kept intact. Option 3 has just changed 'prior to' to 'before' and this change can hardly be called avoiding repetition!
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'Doing so' is used to avoid repetition of 'leaving the villages' and this is the correct tense form. Options 1 and 2 have the wrong form. Option 3 uses 'it', which is used for inanimate objects rather than verbs like 'leaving'
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'Did so' is used to avoid repetition of 'played so badly' and this is the correct time form. The other options all have the wrong time form
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This is a short question and gets a short answer because we can use the same verb 'can' and leave out the question itself. Options 1 and 2 use the wrong verb and option 4 uses the wrong tense
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Sometimes when we reply to a question or react to a comment we may have to use a different auxiliary verb. All three options are different but correct responses to 'won't'
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Note that in option 2 we have used 'do need' and this is permissible - that is, we can use two auxiliary verbs also
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In this sentence there is no auxiliary verb and in reply we can use the auxiliary verb keeping the time form intact. The other options all have the wrong time form
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