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In high school, science students will look at genetic variation and its control. This quiz looks at sexual and asexual reproduction in particular.
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Reproduction can be either asexual or sexual. Plants can reproduce asexually, as can simple single celled organisms like bacteria and protozoa. Most animals and plants reproduce sexually which creates variation in populations. This variation can lead to natural selection and therefore evolution of a species.
Asexual reproduction in single celled organisms takes the form of budding or binary fission. In plants, it can be carried out artificially by taking cuttings or tissue culture and happens naturally by runners and rhizomes. Asexual reproduction gives rise to offspring that are genetically identical to each other and the parent.
Sexual reproduction requires that two sex cells merge to form a new cell. The technical name for any sex cell is 'gamete' and the new cell they form is called a zygote. These are useful words to remember as they appear often in questions about sexual reproduction. An animal zygote is implanted in the lining of the uterus where it develops to become a new individual. Fertilization can be carried out artificially in a process called in vitro fertilization.
In animals, the male gamete is sperm and the female gamete is the egg. When the sperm penetrates the egg, the egg is said to have been fertilized. The gametes of plants are the pollen and the ovule. A fertilized ovule becomes a seed.
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1.
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Which of the following options best describes sexual reproduction? |
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| [ ] |
The joining of male and female gametes |
| [ ] |
The separation of male and female gametes |
| [ ] |
The formation of male and female gametes |
| [ ] |
Nothing to do with male and female gametes |
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2.
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What do we call the cell formed when fertilization has occurred? |
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| [ ] |
Double gamete |
| [ ] |
Epithelial cell |
| [ ] |
Zygote |
| [ ] |
Whytecote |
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3.
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In human reproduction, which hormone prepares and maintains the uterus lining to receive the zygote? |
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| [ ] |
Oestrogen |
| [ ] |
Progesterone |
| [ ] |
Testosterone |
| [ ] |
FSH |
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4.
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What do we call the process in which a zygote is created artificially by scientists or doctors? |
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| [ ] |
In tubus fertilization |
| [ ] |
In vivo fertilization |
| [ ] |
In vitro fertilisation |
| [ ] |
In vitro mating |
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5.
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Which one of the following statements about plant reproduction is false? |
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| [ ] |
A zygote is formed during the process of fertilization |
| [ ] |
All plants reproduce by either sexual or asexual reproduction |
| [ ] |
Reproduction in a plant results in the formation of a new plant |
| [ ] |
In sexual reproduction, the offspring of a plant is identical to one of the parents only |
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6.
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How does sexual reproduction lead to evolution? |
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| [ ] |
It was discovered by Darwin |
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It mixes the genes from the two parents |
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It creates a completely new set of genes |
| [ ] |
The genes change during fertilization |
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7.
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The genetic information passed from parent to offspring is contained in what? |
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| [ ] |
In genes that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| [ ] |
In genes carried by chromosomes in the nucleus |
| [ ] |
In chromosomes carried on the genes of the gametes |
| [ ] |
In the female gamete only |
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8.
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Variation between individuals in an animal population is genetic but may also be caused by what? |
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| [ ] |
The conditions in which they live |
| [ ] |
How much they get to eat when they are growing |
| [ ] |
Disease |
| [ ] |
All of the above |
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9.
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Which of the following is not an example of asexual reproduction? |
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| [ ] |
Runners |
| [ ] |
Plantlets |
| [ ] |
Pollination |
| [ ] |
Taking cuttings |
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10.
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Tissue culture requires only very small parts of a plant but is more expensive than taking cuttings. Why? |
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| [ ] |
It can only be carried out in a professional laboratory |
| [ ] |
It requires a lot of specialist equipment |
| [ ] |
It takes a long time to produce only very small numbers of new plants |
| [ ] |
It needs sterile agar jelly with plant hormones and lots of nutrients |
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1.
|
Which of the following options best describes sexual reproduction? |
|
| [x] |
The joining of male and female gametes |
| [ ] |
The separation of male and female gametes |
| [ ] |
The formation of male and female gametes |
| [ ] |
Nothing to do with male and female gametes |
|
|
|
2.
|
What do we call the cell formed when fertilization has occurred? |
|
| [ ] |
Double gamete |
| [ ] |
Epithelial cell |
| [x] |
Zygote |
| [ ] |
Whytecote |
|
|
|
3.
|
In human reproduction, which hormone prepares and maintains the uterus lining to receive the zygote? |
|
| [ ] |
Oestrogen |
| [x] |
Progesterone |
| [ ] |
Testosterone |
| [ ] |
FSH |
|
|
|
4.
|
What do we call the process in which a zygote is created artificially by scientists or doctors? |
|
| [ ] |
In tubus fertilization |
| [ ] |
In vivo fertilization |
| [x] |
In vitro fertilisation |
| [ ] |
In vitro mating |
|
|
|
5.
|
Which one of the following statements about plant reproduction is false? |
|
| [ ] |
A zygote is formed during the process of fertilization |
| [ ] |
All plants reproduce by either sexual or asexual reproduction |
| [ ] |
Reproduction in a plant results in the formation of a new plant |
| [x] |
In sexual reproduction, the offspring of a plant is identical to one of the parents only |
|
|
|
6.
|
How does sexual reproduction lead to evolution? |
|
| [ ] |
It was discovered by Darwin |
| [x] |
It mixes the genes from the two parents |
| [ ] |
It creates a completely new set of genes |
| [ ] |
The genes change during fertilization |
|
|
|
7.
|
The genetic information passed from parent to offspring is contained in what? |
|
| [ ] |
In genes that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| [x] |
In genes carried by chromosomes in the nucleus |
| [ ] |
In chromosomes carried on the genes of the gametes |
| [ ] |
In the female gamete only |
|
|
|
8.
|
Variation between individuals in an animal population is genetic but may also be caused by what? |
|
| [ ] |
The conditions in which they live |
| [ ] |
How much they get to eat when they are growing |
| [ ] |
Disease |
| [x] |
All of the above |
|
|
|
9.
|
Which of the following is not an example of asexual reproduction? |
|
| [ ] |
Runners |
| [ ] |
Plantlets |
| [x] |
Pollination |
| [ ] |
Taking cuttings |
|
|
|
10.
|
Tissue culture requires only very small parts of a plant but is more expensive than taking cuttings. Why? |
|
| [ ] |
It can only be carried out in a professional laboratory |
| [ ] |
It requires a lot of specialist equipment |
| [ ] |
It takes a long time to produce only very small numbers of new plants |
| [x] |
It needs sterile agar jelly with plant hormones and lots of nutrients |
|
|
