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Level 7-8 Data Handling - Making Connections
What relationship is likely to be shown if ice cream sales are plotted against daily temperatures?

Level 7-8 Data Handling - Making Connections

Make sense of connections in data. Learn correlation, scatter graphs and lines of best fit to describe, compare and predict in real KS3 contexts.

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Fascinating Fact:

+1 means perfect positive correlation, -1 means perfect negative correlation, and 0 means no connection at all.

In KS3 Maths, you explore relationships between two variables using scatter graphs. You’ll describe trends (positive, negative or none), sketch a sensible line of best fit, and use it to make simple predictions.

  • Correlation: How two variables move together: positive (both increase), negative (one increases while the other decreases), or none.
  • Scatter graph: A plot of paired data points that helps you see the overall pattern or trend.
  • Line of best fit: A straight line that follows the trend of the points to summarise and estimate values.
What does correlation mean in KS3 maths?

Correlation describes the connection between two variables. Positive means they rise together, negative means one falls as the other rises, and zero means no clear link.

How do I draw a line of best fit on a scatter graph?

Sketch a straight line that follows the overall trend, with about the same number of points above and below. Use it to estimate values between or near the data.

What do values like +1, 0 and -1 tell me?

They summarise strength and direction: +1 is perfect positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and -1 is perfect negative correlation.

1 .
Tony wants to test his theory that the weather affects tourism. This sort of theory is called a .......
hypocaust
hypothermia
hypothesis
hypothetical
Scientific theories begin life as hypotheses
2 .
The correlation of sea water temperatures plotted on a scattergraph against the number of bathers is .......
positive
negative
not likely to provide much information about bathers
unreliable for making predictions about bathers
The warmer the water, the more people will go swimming
3 .
A scattergraph of rainfall against numbers of people on the beach shows negative correlation indicating that .......
rain makes the sea colder
rain puts people off using the beach
swimmers don't like getting wet
the tide is higher after rain
Not many people visit the beach when it's raining
4 .
What relationship is likely to be shown if ice cream sales are plotted against daily temperatures?
Fewer ice creams are sold when it's raining
More ice creams are sold in hot weather
Most ice creams are bought by children
Vanilla is the most popular flavour
Only one of the four possible answers mentions temperature
5 .
Time spent in a games arcade is recorded in categories 'up to 10 minutes', 'up to 20 minutes' etc. What sort of diagram is used to illustrate this data?
Box and whisker diagram
Cumulative frequency graph
Frequency polygon
Scattergraph
Times of 'up to 10 mins' are included in 'up to 20 mins' so the figures are cumulative
6 .
The steepest part of the cumulative frequency graph represents .......
the most typical range of times
the greatest range of times
the longest time
the average time
Cumulative frequency (CF) is always recorded on the vertical axis
7 .
Tony recorded the games arcade times of 400 people. His estimate for the average time from the CF graph is .......
the sum of all the times divided by 400
the most popular time
the CF value on the curve at the halfway point of the time axis
the time value on the curve at the halfway point of the CF axis
This is an estimate for the median time
8 .
The times corresponding to 100 and 300 on the CF axis are called the lower and upper .......
qualities
quantities
quarters
quartiles
The difference between these values is called the Inter Quartile Range (IQR)
9 .
What proportion of the data is represented by the IQR?
The middle 25%
The top 25%
The bottom 50%
The middle 50%
The median is at the middle quartile
10 .
Tony is at a seaside holiday resort. If he plots slot machine takings on a scattergraph against rainfall he is likely to find that .......
the line of best fit has a positive gradient
the points fit a perfect straight line
the rain has no effect on takings
there is no correlation
Some people play the arcade games even in good weather but more will play to get out of the rain
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Handling data

Author:  Frank Evans (Specialist 11 Plus Teacher and Tutor)

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