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Earthquakes and Volcanoes 03
Test yourself on earthquakes and volcanoes.

Earthquakes and Volcanoes 03

This third KS3 Geography quiz takes a final look at earthquakes and volcanoes. Volcanoes come in many different shapes and sizes. Some of them are steep-sided and conical. Others have a flatter and wider profile. It all depends on the type of lava that they erupt. Volcanoes that erupt runny lavas form the flatter and wider type. These are called shield volcanoes.

Good examples of shield volcanoes are the ones that make up the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Volcanoes with very thick lava form the type with the steeper sides. These also tend to have explosive eruptions that send pyroclastic flows racing down from the top. These are very destructive. A good example of this type is Mount St. Helens in the USA.

Most volcanoes occur at the edges of the tectonic plates (places known as plate boundaries). There are three types of plate boundary - constructive, conservative and destructive. As well as volcanoes, you get earthquakes at plate boundaries. As the plates move, the rocks get stuck together but the plates continue to move. When the pressure builds up to a certain level, the rocks that are stuck will break and that part of the plate will suddenly move a distance of several metres. This releases a lot of energy and the point at which it happens is called the focus of the earthquake.

1.
Where the edges of plates meet is called what?
Plate boundary
Plate border
Plate junction
Plate seam
Also known as a plate margin
2.
Which volcanoes are formed from runny lava and have gently sloping sides?
Ash volcanoes
Composite volcanoes
Dome volcanoes
Shield volcanoes
Mauna Loa in Hawaii is an excellent example
3.
What is the underground point where an earthquake starts?
Focus
Genesis
Hub
Origin
The seismic waves travel outwards from the focus in all directions. That is why it is possible to detect an earthquake that has happened on the other side of the world
4.
What word describes the plates of the earth's crust?
Platonic
Subsonic
Technotronic
Tectonic
Movement of plates causes 'quakes and eruptions
5.
Which is not a type of plate boundary?
Conservative
Constructive
Destructive
Distinctive
You don't usually get volcanoes at conservative plate boundaries
6.
Earthquakes on the seabed can cause what?
Origamis
Toonarmies
Tsunamis
Typhoons
They are huge tidal waves - tsunami means 'harbour wave' in Japanese
7.
The volcano that erupted in Washington state in 1980 was Mount what?
St Helens
St James
St Neots
St Swithins
It was a huge eruption - the mountain literally blew its top. After the eruption had stopped, the mountain was 400 m lower and had a crater at the top that was 2 - 3 km wide and about 700 m deep
8.
What kind of volcanic 'flow' includes hot gas, ash and lava?
Hypocaustic
Panasonic
Pyroclastic
Pyrotechnic
A cloud of hot ash from an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD79 destroyed the town of Pompeii. The ash was so fine that the bodies of the victims were very well preserved
9.
An earthquake sends out what type of waves?
Ascorbic
Pelagic
Seismic
Semitic
Seismic is Greek for 'shake'
10.
Volcanoes that have erupted recently are called what?
Active
Alert
Effervescent
Vibrant
The closest active volcanoes to the UK are in Italy and in Iceland
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Disasters and responses

Author:  Jan Crompton

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