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Multiplication and Division (Medium)
To divide a number by 25: divide by 100, then multiply by 4.

Multiplication and Division (Medium)

Multiplication and division are powerful tools in problem solving. In 11 Plus Maths, they help students handle fractions, decimals, and more complex number patterns with confidence.

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Fascinating Fact:

When you divide a larger number by a smaller one, the answer gets smaller, but when you divide a smaller number by a decimal, the answer gets larger, one of maths’ clever tricks.

In 11 Plus Maths, multiplication and division are key to mastering advanced arithmetic and problem solving. These operations form the base for fractions, decimals, ratios, and algebraic reasoning in later learning.

  • Dividend: The number that is being divided in a division calculation.
  • Divisor: The number that divides another number to find how many times it fits inside.
  • Decimal: A way of writing numbers that are not whole, often used when dividing into smaller parts.
Why does dividing by a decimal make a number larger?

Dividing by a number smaller than one increases the total because it asks how many small parts fit into a whole, producing a greater count.

What is the difference between a dividend and a divisor?

The dividend is the number being divided, while the divisor is the number you divide by to find the result, or quotient.

How do multiplication and division relate to fractions?

Multiplication can combine fractions, while division can compare or simplify them. Both operations help express parts of a whole in different ways.

1 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by 5: first divide by 2, then move the digits to the left. Note: whole numbers that do not have decimal parts are written without a d.p. e.g. 200.0 = 200: in such cases the d.p. is not normally needed.
3,434 × 5 = ?
17,107
17,017
17,710
17,170
3,434 × 5 = (3,434 ÷ 2) = 1,717. Move the d.p. 1 place to the right gives 17,170. TIP: All odd numbers multiplied by 5 end in 5, and all even numbers multiplied by 5 end in 0
2 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To divide a number by 5: first multiply by 2 and then move the digits to the right.
888 ÷ 5 = ?
17,760
17.76
1,776
177.6
888 ÷ 5 = (888 × 2) = 1,776. Move the d.p. 1 place to the left gives 177.6
3 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by 9: first multiply the number by 10, then subtract the original number from it.
47 × 9 = ?
432
423
342
324
47 × 9 = (47 × 10) - 47 = 423
4 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by 11, first multiply the number by 10, then add the original number to it.
96 × 11 = ?
1,605
1,056
1,560
1,065
96 × 11 = (96 × 10) + 96 = 1,056
5 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by 8: multiply the number by 2, then by 2 again, and finally by 2.
120 × 8 = ?
609
906
960
690
120 × 2 = 240; 240 × 2 = 480; 480 × 2 = 960
6 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To divide a number by another number which is a multiple of 10 and whose only non zero digit is the leading digit 1: move the digits to the right by the same number of zeros that are in the multiple of 10. Note: whole numbers that do not have decimal parts are written without a d.p. e.g. 200.0 = 200: in such cases the d.p. is not normally needed.
76,345 ÷ 1,000 = ?
76.345
763.45
7,634.5
0.76345
76,345 = 76,345.0 so 76,345.0 ÷ 1,000 = 76.345: you have to put in the zero to show that there is no whole number part
7 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by another number which is a multiple of 10 and whose only non zero digit is the leading digit 1: move the digits to the left by the same number of zeros that are in the multiple of 10. Note: whole numbers that do not have decimal parts are written without a d.p. e.g. 200.0 = 200: in such cases the d.p. is not normally needed.
34.56 × 100 = ?
345.6
3,456
34,560
0.3456
34.56 × 100 = 3,456
8 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by 12, first multiply the number by 10, then add twice the original number to it.
38 × 12 = ?
456
465
645
546
38 × 12 = (38 × 10) + (2 × 38) = 380 + 76 = 456
9 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To divide a number by 25: divide by 100, then multiply by 4.
225 ÷ 25 = ?
8
10
9
7
225 ÷ 25 = (225 ÷ 100) × 4 = 2.25 × 4 = 9
10 .
Using the tip, what is the correct answer to the given calculation?
TIP: To multiply a number by 25: multiply by 100, then divide by 4.
816 × 25 = ?
24,000
20,040
20,400
20,004
816 × 25 = (816 × 100) × 4 = 81,600 ÷ 4 = 20,400
Author:  Frank Evans (Specialist 11 Plus Teacher and Tutor)

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