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How It's Written - Passive Voice
What do you do with the tube once the toothpaste is finished?

How It's Written - Passive Voice

Sometimes English focuses on what happens, not who does it. Learn the passive voice in the present tense, and spot it in real sentences.

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The passive voice focuses on what happens, not who does it. In the present tense it often uses am, is, or are plus a past participle, like “money is made”.

In ESL Medium, you practise how English sentences are built. The passive voice is common in news, instructions, and formal writing because it puts the action or result first.

  • Passive voice: A sentence form where the action is emphasised, such as “The window is cleaned”.
  • Past participle: A verb form often used after “has” or “is”, such as “made”, “taken”, or “written”.
  • Agent: The person or thing that does the action, which can be added with “by”, like “by the chef”.
What is the passive voice in English?

The passive voice is used when the action is more important than the doer. It is often formed with a form of “be” plus a past participle, such as “The cake is baked”.

How do you form the passive voice in the present tense?

Use am, is, or are plus a past participle. For example, “Letters are delivered”, “Dinner is cooked”, and “I am asked to help”.

When should I use passive voice instead of active voice?

Use passive voice when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious, or when you want a more formal tone. Instructions often use passive voice, like “Safety glasses are worn”.

1 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
An interesting reaction occurs when ... ... .
... one adds sodium to water.
... we add sodium to water.
... sodium is added to water.
... sodium adds to water.
Answer 3 is the only correct Passive formation on offer here: this is how scientific reports are written (!) in English, as you may know.
Answer 4 is wrong because the sodium is added; it does not 'add itself'! ( ... however much energy it may seem to have in it!)
2 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
'You can hear the noise as the bins ... ... into the back of the rubbish lorry.'
... tip ...
... tipped ...
... tipping ...
... are tipped ...
The bins do not tip themselves; this is done by someone else, using a machine. We therefore need a passive form to express the action.
3 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
'Can you remember what that game ... ... , that ... ... with a set of six sticks in pubs in various counties of central England?'
... is called ... / ... people play ...
... is called ... / ... they play ...
... is called ... / ... is played ...
... is called ... / ... are played ...
'The game is called ... and played ...'.
If you are coming to English from one of the other languages that we mentioned earlier, you may have been very tempted by Answers 1 and 2, but these do not have Passives in the second blank.
The game itself is Aunt Sally
4 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
In almost every culture of the world, certain parts of the body ... ... inappropriate to display in a public place.
... consider ...
... are considering ...
... are considered ...
... are being considered ...
Here we need a simple general Passive: the public display of these human body parts 'is considered' (by people in general) to be offensive, so the parts themselves 'are regarded' as unsuitable to be revealed.
When discussing such a general or universal principle, we do not need to choose a special form to emphasise the continuity of it. If anything, Answer 4 suggests that the opinion is new, or temporary, or both; which contradicts the way the topic was introduced in the Question.
5 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
'Our product ... ... regularly, and in great quantities, by happy customers all over Europe.'
... is bought ...
... is being bought ...
... is buying ...
... buys ...
'People buy it; it is bought (by them).'
Answer 2 is a more subtle version, emphasising the present-continuous 'here and now' of the ongoing success of the marketing campaign. This is certainly good English and you would not have been 'wrong' to choose it.
Answers 3 and 4 contain no Passive element, and therefore make no sense within the context as offered by the Question.
6 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
When reading in another language, we should check that nothing ... ... in the translation.
... loses ...
... lacks ...
... is lost ...
... is being lost ...
Answer 4 is also possible; the progressive / continuous form suggests that we should keep checking.
Many other languages deal differently from English with the matter of 'losing or lacking': they may say 'a pencil is lacking to me' rather than 'I am lacking a pencil' or 'I haven't got one'.
'There lacks to me a pencil' is made up of understandable English words, but this isn't how we would express the idea.
If you feel this may be a difficulty for you, it would be worth your checking.
7 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
'What do you do with the tube once the toothpaste ... ... ?'
... has finished?
... is finished?
... finishes?
... are finished?
This is a Passive usage, since the toothpaste is (or has been) used-up by someone.
Answer 4 is wrong because toothpaste is 'uncountable'. (Tubes can be counted, e.g. that two tubes may be needed on a family holiday; but the substance inside cannot.)
8 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
Many people these days have a suspicious feeling that they ... ... by the Government, and by other big institutions and corporations.
... are being misled ...
... are misled ...
... are misleading ...
... are be misled ...
This a Present progressive / continuous example.
Such people think: 'The Government (etc.) is/are misleading us; we are being misled ... '.
9 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
'Don't turn round, but I believe we ... ... ' said James Band quietly to his fellow-agent.
... are followed ...
... are following ...
... are being followed ...
... are follow ...
The progressive / continuous passive form makes the best sense here, since the 'following' must have already begun before J B can notice it or say anything, and presumably it continues afterwards (probably in a long and exciting 'chase sequence')!
10 .
Pick a correct and accurate Passive verb expression.
It's no good just asking a conjuror* how his tricks ... ... .
(* 'conjuror' = 'stage magician')
... work.
... do.
... go.
... are done.
Answer 1 makes good sense, but does not contain a Passive form; Answer 2 would be understood but is not really proper English; 'how they go' (Answer 3, also containing no Passive) would mean 'whether they work as intended, and what audiences typically think of them'.
Author:  Ian Miles (Linguist, ESL and RE Quiz Writer & Tutor)

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