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Acids, Bases and Salts
A strong acid is 100% ionised in water.

Acids, Bases and Salts

Master acids, bases and salts for GCSE Chemistry. Learn about pH, neutralisation, and making salts, then test yourself with questions on common reactions and everyday examples.

Explore the Topic →
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Fascinating Fact:

Indicators change colour depending on pH, helping you tell if a solution is acidic or alkaline. Universal indicator gives a range of colours linked to different pH values.

In GCSE Chemistry, acids and bases are explained using ions and reactions. You learn how neutralisation forms salts, how pH links to how acidic or alkaline a solution is, and how salts can be prepared safely in the lab.

Key Terms

  • Acid: A substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
  • Alkali: A base that dissolves in water and forms hydroxide ions (OH−).
  • Neutralisation: A reaction where an acid and a base react to make a salt and water.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is the difference between an acid and an alkali in GCSE Chemistry?

An acid forms H+ ions in water, while an alkali forms OH− ions in water. Acids have pH below 7, and alkalis have pH above 7.

How do you make a salt in GCSE Chemistry?

Salts are made by reacting an acid with a metal, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, or metal carbonate. For a soluble salt, a titration is used to get the exact amount of reactants.

What does pH mean in GCSE Chemistry?

pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. A pH of 7 is neutral, lower numbers are more acidic, and higher numbers are more alkaline.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .
What is an acid?
A substance that will neutralise an acid
A substance that produces H+ ions when added to water
A soluble base
A chemical which changes colour when added to acids and alkalis
The H+ ion is simply an H atom with a missing electron i.e. a proton
2 .
What is an alkali?
A substance that will neutralise an acid
A substance that produces H+ ions when added to water
A soluble base
A chemical which changes colour when added to acids and alkalis
A base will neutralise an acid, but is only called an alkali when it is dissolved in water
3 .
A substance with a pH of 6 is...
a weak acid
a strong acid
a weak alkali
neutral
pH values of less than 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral and values greater than 7 are alkaline
4 .
Pick the correct equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and iron oxide.
Hydrochloric acid + solid iron (III) oxide → iron (III) chloride solution + water
Hydrochloric acid + iron (III) oxide → iron (II) chloride solution + water
Hydrochloric acid + iron (III) oxide → iron (III) chlorate solution + water
Sulfuric acid + iron (III) oxide → iron (III) chloride solution + water
This is an example of an acid-base reaction. An alkali is a base that dissolves in water
5 .
We can react an acid and an alkali together to produce a salt. The correct name for this type of chemical reaction is...
combustion
oxidation
thermal decomposition
neutralisation
It is called neutralisation because the products of the reaction are neutral
6 .
When an acid and an alkali react, a salt and water are formed. Pick the correct salt produced when ammonium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid.
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium phosphate
Ammonium nitrate is commonly used as a fertiliser, although it is also explosive when mixed with other chemicals. It was used in the terrorist bomb that killed 169 people in Oklahoma City in 1995
7 .
Salts can also be made by reacting metals with acids. What gas is given off when a metal reacts with an acid?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen can be tested for using the 'squeaky pop' test
8 .
Precipitation reactions occur when an insoluble salt is formed. Precipitation reactions can be used in industry to...
remove some substances from waste water
split large molecules into smaller ones
remove unwanted impurities from metals
remove metals from their ores
By raising the pH of the water, insoluble metal hydroxides precipitate out of solution, which produces a sludge that can be easily removed
9 .
A strong acid...
turns universal indicator paper green
has a high pH number
is partially ionised in water
is 100% ionised in water
The amount of ionisation is measured by pH
10 .
Pick the correct combination of definitions.
Acid - proton acceptor
Alkali - proton donor
Acid - proton donor
Alkali - proton acceptor
Acid - proton giver
Alkali - proton donor
Acid - proton acceptor
Alkali - proton acceptor
An acid is a proton donor because it forms hydrogen ions and, as mentioned in the first question, a hydrogen ion is in fact simply a proton
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Acids, alkalis and salts

Author:  Kate Gardiner (Chemistry Educator & GCSE Quiz Writer)
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