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Bonding
All atoms aspire to be like the unreactive noble gases, such as xenon, with their full outer shells.

Bonding

Bonding explains why substances have different properties. This GCSE Chemistry quiz covers ionic, covalent and metallic bonding, and how electron arrangement and structure affect melting point and conductivity.

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Fascinating Fact:

Ionic bonding forms between metals and non-metals by electron transfer. Positive and negative ions attract in all directions in a giant ionic lattice.

In GCSE Chemistry, bonding links what particles do to what materials are like. You compare electron transfer, electron sharing, and delocalised electrons, then use structure to explain melting point, strength and electrical conductivity.

Key Terms

  • Covalent bond: A strong bond formed when atoms share a pair of electrons.
  • Metallic bonding: The attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons.
  • Lattice: A regular, repeating arrangement of particles, such as ions in an ionic compound or atoms in a giant structure.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is ionic bonding in GCSE Chemistry?

Ionic bonding is the attraction between oppositely charged ions formed when electrons move from a metal atom to a non-metal atom. The ions arrange in a repeating structure held by strong electrostatic forces.

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved?

Ionic compounds conduct when molten or dissolved because the ions can move and carry charge. In a solid ionic lattice, the ions are fixed in place so they cannot carry current.

What is the difference between simple molecular and giant covalent structures?

Simple molecular substances have small molecules with weak forces between them, so they often melt or boil at lower temperatures. Giant covalent structures are large networks of atoms with many strong covalent bonds, so they are usually very high melting.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .
Graphite is a substance made of carbon atoms only, as is diamond. However, the two substances are very different. Why?
The atoms in diamond are arranged in layers and the atoms in graphite are arranged in a giant covalent structure
The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent lattice and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers
The atoms in diamond are arranged in a giant covalent structure and the atoms in graphite are arranged at random
The atoms in diamond are arranged at random and the atoms in graphite are arranged in layers
The atoms in graphite are in layers. The bonding between the layers is weak and because of this they can slide over each other, making the substance very soft and slippery - it is a good lubricant e.g. for things like zip fasteners
2 .
What type of bonding is present in gold?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Metallic
A metal consists of positively charged metal ions surrounded by a 'sea' of electrons
3 .
The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in water is...
covalent
hydrogen
ionic
metallic
Hydrogen and oxygen are both non-metals and so share electrons to form covalent bonds
4 .
What type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between the atoms in a molecule?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Metallic
One example of this occurs between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules
5 .
In an ammonia molecule hydrogen and nitrogen atoms share electrons. What kind of bonding is this?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Metallic
Ammonia is an important manufacturing chemical that we make using the Haber process
6 .
What type of bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from the outer shell of one atom to the outer shell of another?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Metallic
One example of this occurs between lithium and fluorine atoms in lithium fluoride
7 .
The type of bonding that holds the atoms together in salt is...
covalent
hydrogen
ionic
metallic
The sodium atoms donate an electron to the chlorine atom; they become ions - Na+Cl- - and their opposite charges hold them together
8 .
Glucose molecules are formed from atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. What type of bonding is present in a glucose molecule?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent bonds are made between the non-metal atoms in glucose
9 .
What type of structure does the carbon in diamond form?
Giant structure
Giant covalent structure
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
A diamond owes its hardness to the arrangement of its atoms in this structure
10 .
What type of bonding has 'free' electrons?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Metallic
In metals positive metal ions are surrounded by a 'sea' of negative electrons that are free to move. These free electrons are the reason why metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Bonding, structure and the properties of matter

Author:  Kate Gardiner (Chemistry Educator & GCSE Quiz Writer)
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