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Butane is most likely to be used for camping stoves.

Crude Oil - Substances from Crude Oil

Crude oil makes fuels and chemicals we use daily. This GCSE Chemistry quiz tests fractions, cracking products, and how alkenes and polymers link to real materials.

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Fascinating Fact:

Alkenes from crude oil are used to make polymers like poly(ethene) and poly(propene). These polymers can be turned into packaging, pipes, and fibres.

In GCSE Chemistry, you learn that crude oil is a finite mixture of hydrocarbons that must be separated into fractions. Each fraction has different properties, and cracking can turn heavy fractions into smaller molecules used as fuels and as feedstock for making new materials.

Key Terms

Hydrocarbon: A compound made only of hydrogen and carbon atoms, such as alkanes and alkenes.
Fractional distillation: A separation method that collects groups of hydrocarbons because they boil and condense at similar temperatures.
Feedstock: A raw material used to make other chemicals, such as cracking products used to produce polymers, solvents, and detergents.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What substances are obtained from crude oil in GCSE Chemistry?

In GCSE Chemistry, crude oil is separated into fractions such as refinery gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, and bitumen. Each fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

How does fractional distillation separate crude oil into fractions?

Crude oil is heated so most hydrocarbons vaporise, then the vapours rise up a fractionating column. They condense at different heights because each fraction has a different boiling point.

Why are cracking products useful for making new chemicals?

Cracking makes smaller molecules that are in high demand, including alkanes for fuels and reactive alkenes. Alkenes can be changed into many other substances by polymerisation and other reactions.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

The main products from crude oil are fuels. Which of the following fuel is most likely to be used in an aeroplane?

Butane

Diesel

Kerosene

Petrol

A Boeing 747 (Jumbo Jet) burns about 70,000 litres of kerosene flying from London to New York

2 .

Which of these fuels is most likely to be used for camping stoves?

Butane

Diesel

Kerosene

Petrol

Butane is a gas at room temperature and is extremely volatile

3 .

Why does 'light' crude oil cost more than 'heavy' crude oil?

It is lighter in weight

It contains more big molecules

It contains more small molecules

It is lighter in colour

Light crude oil is so-called because it contains less of the longer molecules than heavy crude oil. The small hydrocarbons are much more useful as fuels and as the starting products of many other substances

4 .

Methane is the source of hydrogen for...

the Haber process

making ethanol

producing polymers

cracking hydrocarbons

The Haber process is used to manufacture ammonia

5 .

One possible product of cracking hydrocarbons can be ethene. Ethene can be used to manufacture ethanol, which is used as a fuel. What conditions are required for this reaction to take place?

High pressure and catalyst

High pressure and high temperature

High temperature and catalyst

High pressure, high temperature and catalyst

The catalyst is phosphoric acid, the pressure about 60-70atm and the temperature is around 300°C

6 .

Pick the correct equation to show the production of ethanol from ethene.

C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH

C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₄OH

C₂H₄ + H₂ → C₂H₅OH

C₂H₆ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH

Ethanol can also be fermented from sugar cane to be used in 'biofuels'

7 .

Ethene can also be used to make poly(ethene). What type of reaction is required for this to occur?

Cracking

Thermal decomposition

Displacement

Polymerisation

Many ethene monomers join together to make poly(ethene) polymers

8 .

When ethene is polymerised, depending on the conditions, slightly different substances are formed. LDPE is formed with very high pressure and a trace of oxygen, whereas HDPE is formed using a catalyst at 50^oC and a high pressure. What is the main difference between these two types of poly(ethene)?

LDPE is stronger and has a higher softening temperature than HDPE

HDPE is stronger and has a higher softening temperature than LDPE

HDPE is stronger and has a lower softening temperature than LDPE

LDPE is stronger and has a lower softening temperature than HDPE

These are not the only forms of poly(ethene), there is a medium density version, an ultra-high molecular weight version and Polyethylene terephthalate. It is a widely used polymer

9 .

Plasticisers are sometimes added to polymers. For what reason?

To increase a polymer's melting point

To make the polymer stronger

To make the polymer soluble in water

To make the polymer more flexible

A plasticiser gets between the polymer chains, keeping them further apart. This reduces the forces of attraction between them and makes the material more flexible

10 .

Pick the correct combination for uses for plasticised PVC and unplasticised uPVC.

PVC - ropes and carpets
uPVC - carrier bags and water bottles

PVC - drain pipes and window frames
uPVC - wire insulation and shrink wrap

PVC - wire insulation and shrink wrap
uPVC - drain pipes and window frames

PVC - drain pipes and window frames
uPVC - carrier bags and carpets

The abbreviation PVC stands for 'poly(viny chloride)'. Vinyl chloride is the old name that was being used for chloroethene when PVC was invented. The 'u' in uPVC tells you that it has been treated to make it resistant to ultra-violet radiation from the sun which makes plastics become very brittle

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes

Author: Kate Gardiner (Chemistry Educator & GCSE Quiz Writer)

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