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Manufacturing Processes
Ordinary items, such as tinsel, need people to have some knowledge of how chemical reactions take place. (Photo courtesy of jiva at Flickr.)

Manufacturing Processes

Big chemical industries rely on smart choices about conditions and cost. This GCSE Chemistry quiz explores manufacturing processes, including yields, rates, equilibrium, and why industry uses compromises.

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Fascinating Fact:

Changing temperature and pressure can affect both the rate and the equilibrium yield in reversible reactions. Manufacturers choose a compromise that gives a good output per day.

In GCSE Chemistry, manufacturing processes show how chemistry works at scale. You look at how temperature, pressure, catalysts, and recycling reactants affect reaction rate, product yield, energy use, and cost, especially for reversible reactions in closed systems.

Key Terms

  • Yield: The amount of product made, often compared with the maximum possible amount from the reactants.
  • Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a reaction by providing an alternative pathway, without being used up.
  • Compromise Conditions: Industrial settings chosen to balance rate, yield, safety, and cost, rather than maximising just one factor.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do manufacturers use compromise conditions in chemical reactions?

Manufacturers use compromise conditions because the best conditions for a fast rate are not always the best for maximum yield. They choose settings that give a good output per day while keeping costs, safety, and equipment limits realistic.

How does a catalyst help in an industrial manufacturing process?

A catalyst increases the reaction rate, so more product is made in a given time. It does not change the equilibrium position, but it helps the system reach equilibrium faster, improving productivity.

How do temperature and pressure affect equilibrium yield in reversible reactions?

Changing temperature can shift equilibrium depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Changing pressure only affects gas reactions and shifts equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas.

Try These Related Quizzes

Click on any picture to see a larger image
1 .
The diagram shows what industrial apparatus?
Electrolytic cell
Blast furnace
Fractional distillation column
Fermentation vessel
The blast furnace is used to extract iron from its ore - haematite
2 .
The diagram shows what industrial apparatus?
Electrolytic cell
Blast furnace
Fractional distillation column
Fermentation vessel
The fractional distillation column is used to separate hydrocarbons of different molecular sizes from crude oil
3 .
The diagram shows apparatus used for what process?
Separation of hydrocarbons of different sizes
Separation of iron from its ore
Extraction of aluminium from its ore
Polymerisation of ethene
The diagram shows the electrolytic cell used to electrolyse bauxite dissolved in molten cryolite
4 .
The diagram shows a field of yellow flowers. The yellow flowers are of the rapeseed plant. The oil from the seeds of this plant are used as vegetable oil. Sometimes this oil is hardened to make a spread. What process is undertaken to change the liquid oil into a solid spread?
Thermal decomposition
Polymerisation
Hydrogenation
Esterification
Hydrogen is added to the oil at about 60°C in the presence of a nickel catalyst
5 .
The picture is a photograph of a limestone quarry near Ancaster in Lincolnshire. What process does limestone have to be subjected to in order to be changed into calcium oxide (quicklime)?
Thermal decomposition
Polymerisation
Hydrogenation
Esterification
The equation for the thermal decomposition of limestone is CaCO3 ? CaO + CO2
6 .
The photograph shows some double-glazed patio doors. The frames of the doors are made of PVC. What process is used to make PVC?
Thermal decomposition
Polymerisation
Hydrogenation
Esterification
The monomer of PVC is vinyl chloride. The polymer is called polyvinyl chloride
7 .
The scent of many fruits is due to a group of chemicals called esters. By what process are esters produced?
Thermal decomposition
Polymerisation
Hydrogenation
Esterification
Esterification is the process of reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester in the presence of sulfuric acid (acting as a catalyst)
8 .
The photograph is of distillation apparatus. What physical property does distillation use to separate liquids?
Melting point
Viscosity
Boiling point
Volatility
When a mixture is heated, the temperature 'sticks' as one of the liquids boils. When it has completely boiled off, the temperature will start to rise again until the next component boils
9 .
The picture shows a water treatment plant in Dumfries and Galloway. What is the final stage in the treatment of water to ensure it is fit to drink?
Filtration
Sedimentation
Chlorination
Addition of aluminium sulfate and lime
This will ensure that any harmful microbes are destroyed
10 .
One of the substances that is in fertiliser is ammonium nitrate. Ammonia is made by which industrial process?
Contact process
Haber process
Chemical process
Nitrogen process
The Haber process reacts together nitrogen from the air and hydrogen from methane to produce ammonia
Author:  Kate Gardiner (Chemistry Educator & GCSE Quiz Writer)
Chemistry Play this quiz again

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