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The UK tried twice to join the EEC in the 1960s before it was finally admitted in 1973.
Britain: British Empire C. 1919-69 - General Reasons For Its Decline In The 20th Century
In GCSE History students will study the British Empire. One area they will look at is its decline during the 20th Century and the reasons that came about.
In 1919 the British Empire was still largely intact - indeed Britain gained territory from Germany in Africa and elsewhere. In the second half of the 20th Century, however, it was in decline. Decolonisation began with India in 1947, and continued rapidly after 1960. By 1969 little of the once vast British Empire remained.
Find out some of the reasons for the British Empire's decline in the 20th Century by playing this quiz.
1.
In 1919 British troops killed several hundred Indian demonstrators. The British general Dyer received a hero's welcome from some sections of British society when he returned to the UK. This incident caused the Indian Congress Party to press hard for independence. Where did this massacre take place?
Amritsar
Lahore
Delhi
Calcutta
There was some condemnation of Dyer in Britain, but also much approval. Many Indian nationalists took the view that the incident showed that Britain was untrustworthy. Nationalists in other colonies were encouraged to step up their efforts against Britain
2.
In 1956 Britain and France launched a major military expedition which failed in its objective. What name was given to this incident?
The Oil Crisis
The Suez Crisis
The Middle Eastern Crisis
The Canal Crisis
The United States complained that they had not been warned of this action in advance. The incident showed Britain's weakness: she could now only act with American approval
3.
The post-war Labour government of Clement Attlee granted independence to India, partly as it lacked the means to deal with the Congress Party, and partly out of anti-colonial conviction. In which years did India (and Pakistan) gain their independence?
1948
1949
1947
1946
The loss of India was a big blow to the Empire. India had been the "Jewel in the Crown", and had provided many of the Empire's key resources - including manpower. Colonial peoples elsewhere took heart from this event: if India could gain independence, they felt, then so could they
4.
In 1967 the Labour government withdrew all of its military assets from East of Suez. There was also an important decision regarding the pound sterling, an international currency. What was this decision?
To revalue the pound
To devalue the pound
To leave the Gold Standard
To join the Gold Standard
The military re-deployment reflected Britain's weaker military status. Its financial weakness was shown at the same time by the Chancellor's measure
5.
In 1965 a white settler revolt in a British colony erupted. Britain declined to use force, and resorted instead to economic sanctions. Which was this colony?
Southern Rhodesia
Kenya
Tanganyika
Uganda
Britain was embarrassed by the failure to prevent the rebellion from occurring, and also from the failure to deal with it effectively
6.
The 1945-51 Labour governments left India partly for economic reasons: keeping the sub-continent would simply be too expensive for cash-strapped Britain. And Labour wanted to spend much of what money was available on something else. This had been promised in Labour's election manifesto in 1945. What was this?
Developing a nuclear deterrent
Keeping Britain's conventional armed forces at a high level
Developing the welfare state (including the NHS)
Repairing bomb damage
Labour was faced with the need to establish priorities: the looming Cold War and promises made to the electorate in 1945. Imperial costs (at least in the Indian sub-continent) came below this
7.
In February 1942 General Percival surrendered a key British colony to the Japanese. Which colonial possession was this?
Hong Kong
Burma
Singapore
Malaya
This defeat convinced many in Britain's colonies that she could no longer defend them against attack. Some even (briefly) welcomed the Japanese as liberators. When the British returned they found strong opposition to re-colonisation entrenched
8.
In 1963, and again in 1966, Britain applied to join the EEC (the European Economic Community), only to be rebuffed by a French veto. Two members of this group enjoyed more successful economies than Britain. Which were these two states?
France and Italy
West Germany and Italy
Belgium and the Netherlands
France and West Germany
British policy-makers calculated that Britain's trade was now more likely to be with European states than with the Commonwealth and they therefore urged negotiations to join the EEC (Common Market)
9.
In 1960 a British prime minister made an historic speech in Capetown, South Africa, declaring that "a wind of change" was blowing through Africa. In other words, he was saying, African nationalism is a political reality of which colonial powers (and Apartheid South Africa) must take note. Who was this British P.M.?
Anthony Eden
Winston Churchill
Harold MacMillan
Harold Wilson
1960 heralded a new burst of independent states, especially in Africa, including Nigeria. Britain had clearly neither the power nor the will to resist anti-colonial pressures
10.
In 1922 Britain signed an agreement with the Irish Dail (parliament in Dublin) that brought the Anglo-Irish War to a close, and encouraged anti-colonial elements elsewhere in their quest to achieve independence. What was agreed between the two sides in 1922?
All 32 Irish counties to become an independent Irish republic
All 32 Irish counties to be independent, but to remain in the British Commonwealth, and to pledge allegiance to the monarch
Ireland to be divided between 6 northern counties that would remain in the UK, and 26 counties that would become an independent Irish Republic
Ireland to be divided between 6 northern counties that would remain in the UK, and 26 counties that would be independent, but remain in the Commonwealth and owe allegiance to the monarch
The news of Irish independence was a great encouragement to other colonial peoples - as its opponents in Britain had long argued it would be
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Britain since c.1900 and the people's health
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