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Probability (F)
Find out about probability in this maths quiz.

Probability (F)

Build GCSE probability skills: outcomes, probabilities, and fair games. Understand equally likely events, sample space, and experimental probability using frequencies.

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Fascinating Fact:

For a fair game, all outcomes must be equally likely. A biased coin breaks this, so observed long run frequencies will not match 1/2 and 1/2.

In GCSE Maths, probability helps you predict and compare chances. You’ll list sample spaces, use fractions/decimals/percentages for probabilities, spot fair or biased situations, and estimate chances from real-life frequency data.

  • Outcome: A single possible result of an experiment, such as “heads” on a coin toss.
  • Sample space: The complete list of all possible outcomes, e.g., {heads, tails}.
  • Relative (experimental) frequency: An estimate of probability found from data: number of successes ÷ total trials.
What does “equally likely” mean in probability?

“Equally likely” means each outcome has the same chance. For a fair coin there are two outcomes, so each has probability 1/2.

How do I calculate the probability of an event?

Use favourable outcomes ÷ total outcomes. Simplify the fraction or write it as a decimal or percentage.

What is experimental probability?

It’s a probability estimated from data: successes ÷ trials. With more trials, it usually gets closer to the theoretical probability.

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You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Probability

Author:  Sally Thompson (MSc Operational Research, Secondary Maths Teacher & Quiz Writer)

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