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Grade 4 - Time Signatures
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Grade 4 - Time Signatures

Time signatures organise beats into patterns. At Grade 4 you’ll count simple and compound time, spot irregular bars, and feel how rhythm shapes phrases.

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Fascinating Fact:

Hemiola swaps feel between 3/4 and 6/8. Hear three groups of two quavers becoming two groups of three quavers at a cadence.

In Specialist Music Theory for Grade 4, you deepen your sense of pulse and grouping. You read and write simple and compound time, handle irregular bars, and recognise rhythmic shifts at cadences.

  • Simple time: Each beat divides into two equal parts, such as 2/4, 3/4, or 4/4.
  • Compound time: Each beat divides into three equal parts, such as 6/8, 9/8, or 12/8.
  • Hemiola: A temporary shift of feel between groups of two and groups of three without changing the written time signature.
How do I tell if a piece is in simple or compound time?

Look at the top number and how beats divide. In simple time each beat splits into two, while in compound time each beat splits into three.

What does 6/8 mean in Grade 4 theory?

6/8 has six quavers per bar grouped in two dotted crotchet beats. Each beat divides into three quavers, so it is compound duple time.

How do I count irregular time signatures like 5/4?

Split the bar into clear groups, such as 3 plus 2 or 2 plus 3. Keep a steady pulse and count the chosen grouping consistently.

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Author:  Kathleen Shuster (experienced music teacher and music theory writer)

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