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Spelling:  -ough
We bought fresh fruit at the market.

Spelling: -ough

Master tricky ough spellings for 11 Plus English: spot patterns, say them aloud, and choose the right sound in real sentences.

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Fascinating Fact:

Watch exceptions. Cough is off, though is oh, through is oo, bough is ow. Say them aloud to lock the patterns in memory.

In 11 Plus English, ough can sound different in common words. Group them by pattern: though (oh), through (oo), rough/tough (uff), thought (aw), cough (off), bough (ow), to improve accurate spelling.

  • Grapheme: The letter or letters that represent a sound, e.g. ough.
  • Phoneme: A single speech sound, like the “oo” in through.
  • Exception pattern: A spelling rule that works in many words but not all, so some must be learned by sight.
How many sounds can ough make in English?

Several. Common ones are: “oh” (though), “oo” (through), “uff” (rough, tough, enough), “aw” (thought), “off” (cough), and “ow” (bough).

What is the best way to learn ough spellings?

Sort words into sound families, say them aloud, learn short example pairs, and practise in sentences so context fixes meaning and spelling together.

Which ough words appear often in 11 Plus?

Frequent examples include though, although, through, thorough, thought, rough, tough, enough, bough, cough, and borough.

1 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
although
though
enuff
dough
It should be spelt 'enough'
2 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
tough
rough
coff
enough
It should be spelt 'cough'
3 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
cough
bowgh
trough
dough
It should be spelt 'bough'
4 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
allthough
through
although
thought
It should be spelt 'although': one 'l'
5 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
caught
taught
cought
brought
It should be spelt 'caught'
6 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
rough
trough
bought
baught
It should be spelt 'bought'
7 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
plough
through
borough
burough
It should be spelt 'borough'
8 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
woughrt
breakthrough
wart
taught
It should be spelt 'wart'
9 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
nought
sought
sawt
though
It should be spelt 'sought'
10 .
Which one of the following words has been misspelt?
wrote
wroughte
snowplough
thought
It should be spelt 'wrote'
Author:  Frank Evans (Specialist 11 Plus Teacher and Tutor)

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