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Unit 2 - Speciation
Fossils from soft bodied animals, such as jellyfish, are rare.

Unit 2 - Speciation

Speciation is the formation of a new species from an original species. The original species are sometimes called the founder species. This GCSE Biology quiz looks at the causes of and the evidence for speciation.

A species is generally defined as a population of living organisms that are able to breed naturally and produce fertile offspring (although it cannot apply to organisms that reproduce asexually such as bacteria). Members of a species breed at a rate that produces more offspring than can be supported by a habitat. Some of the offspring do not reach maturity because of starvation, predation or disease. Those who inherit features that enable them to survive to breeding age are said to be better adapted and they are more likely to pass on the genes that have made them successful. This is the basis of natural selection and evolution.

1 .
A species is an interbreeding population capable of producing what?
Infertile offspring
Fertile offspring
No offspring
Mutants
Donkeys and horses are different species but can interbreed to produce a mule, but very few mules are fertile
2 .
Speciation is the formation of new...
varieties
forms
species
fossils
This happens through reproductive isolation and natural selection
3 .
Speciation can be studied using which of the following?
Fossils
Experiments
Observation
Recording data
The fossil record shows the adaptations over time which can lead to new species
4 .
What are fossils?
The remains of dead organisms from many years ago that are preserved in rocks
Plants found in coal and oil
Rocks and stones
Little creatures
DNA studies from human fossils have helped us to understand the relationships between the different anscestral species of modern humans
5 .
Species survive if they are...
well adapted
poorly adapted
not extinct
extinct
Well adapted means that they are suited to life in their environment
6 .
Which word describes species which have died off?
Redundant
Unemployed
Extinguished
Extinct
Badly adapted species will not breed successfully and so their genes will be removed from the gene pool by natural selection
7 .
Which of the following is not a cause of extinction?
Changes in the environment over geological time
New predators
Short term environmental changes
Disease
The environmental changes needed for extinction take place over many years
8 .
Fossils from soft bodied animals are...
common
rare
found everywhere
found in the sea
Soft bodied animals rarely leave a fossil behind as the body just decays. Bones, shells and plant parts are more easily preserved in rock and are more common
9 .
Which of the following is an example of geographical isolation?
A mountain separating two populations
The Sun
Fossilisation
Decay
An isolation mechanism is needed to separate the two populations so that they can evolve into two different species
10 .
Genetic variation provides the basis for new species. Variation means that individuals are...
the same
equal
different
adapted
Genetic variation is a random process. Changes that make an organism better adapted are more likely to be passed on to future generations by natural selection
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Evolution

Author:  Donna Maria Davidson

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