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Desertification
The creation of the Serengiti National Park has lead to the overgrazing of marginal lands.

Desertification

Learn how deserts spread into once-productive land. This GCSE Geography quiz explains what desertification is, why it happens, and how people can reduce its damaging effects.

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Fascinating Fact:

Desertification also increases the risk of dust storms, which can damage health, reduce visibility, and spread degraded soil over long distances.

In GCSE Geography, desertification is studied as the process where once fertile land in dry areas becomes increasingly degraded. You examine how climate change and human activities, such as overgrazing, deforestation, and overcultivation, damage soils and vegetation. The topic also looks at impacts on people, including food insecurity and migration, and at sustainable management strategies designed to slow, stop, or reverse land degradation.

  • Desertification: The gradual degradation of dryland environments so that fertile land becomes more desert like and less productive.
  • Overgrazing: When too many animals feed on the same area of land, removing vegetation faster than it can regrow.
  • Sustainable management: Using methods that protect soil and vegetation so land can continue to support people in the future.
What is desertification in GCSE Geography?

In GCSE Geography, desertification is the process where dryland areas lose soil, vegetation, and productivity so that the land becomes more desert like and harder to farm.

What are the main causes of desertification?

Desertification is mainly caused by low and unreliable rainfall, overgrazing by livestock, deforestation for fuel or farming, overcultivation, and poor irrigation that leads to soil damage.

How can desertification be managed or reduced?

Desertification can be managed by controlling grazing, planting trees, using drought resistant crops, improving irrigation, and teaching farmers soil conservation techniques, often through small scale local projects.

1 .
How can plant science help increase the amount of vegetation in areas and so slow, or even reverse desertification?
By developing or discovering more drought resistant versions of crops such as millet and cotton
By creating new crops from varieties such as algaes and cactus
By changing the ground in specific ways to suit the water-intensive crops that are required
By developing treatments and medicines to help the crops survive times when there is little water
Genetically modified crops can help in these situations, as can moving crops from a different area, such as moving early maturing millet from southern to northern Mali. Improving the soil using fertilisers such as animal dung also helps
2 .
Which of the following is a disadvantage of afforestation?
Trees lock up carbon dioxide
Newly planted trees prevent other plants from getting water
Trees prevent windblown sand moving to form sand dunes
Trees become a source of firewood that will be used in stoves by local people
The trees may die due to lack of water. It could be argued that funding could be better spent on more effective projects
3 .
In areas under threat from desertification, people are forced to use marginal lands. How are these marginal lands defined?
Lands along the edges of a desert or a lake
Lands that form the boundary between two tribal areas. Grazing here can lead to tribal conflict
Lands that have little or no potential for profit. They often have poor soils or other undesirable characteristics
Lands that are at the edges of cities and may be heavily contaminated
Lands that are considered marginal for crops may be suitable for animal grazing in some circumstances, or for different farming methods
4 .
Magic stones are a project in which piles of stones are placed across slopes. How do these help reduce desertification?
The stones prevent soil blowing away by holding it down
The stones slow surface water run-off and soil erosion
The stones stop goats and other grazing animals destroying the vegetation
The stones remind people that the soil needs to be protected
These piles of stones are laid across a slope and trap surface water runoff, so reducing soil erosion
5 .
Which of the following is a physical cause of desertification?
Overgrazing
Irrigation
Changing farming practices
Climate change
Climate change is a leading cause of desertification, along with unsustainable land usage
6 .
Which of the following is not a way that planting trees will help reduce desertification?
By acting as a wind-break to reduce the amount of sand being blown away
By producing water as rainfall in the immediate area
By providing a source of sustainable fuel
By protecting the remaining soil and allowing a leaf litter layer to develop
Charity programmes, such as that of the Green Cross in Burkina Faso, educate local populations on the use of plant nurseries and fuel saving stoves
7 .
Which of the following is a human cause of desertification?
Increased flock and herd size
Seasonal rainfall being unreliable
Climate change
Certain crops going extinct
Whilst climate change is influenced by human activity, it is considered a natural cause of desertification rather than a human one
8 .
Dams have been built on a number of major rivers to increase the amount of water available for drinking and agriculture. How can artificial irrigation increase desertification?
It causes rapid soil erosion
It causes salinisation of the soil
It causes soil contamination
It causes sheet erosion
Salinisation is an increase in levels of salt in the soil as minerals are drawn up to the surface by water evaporation
9 .
How can rainfall be made more reliable in areas under threat from desertification?
Better weather forecasting
Damming of rivers
Better crop selection
Cloud Seeding
Some people believe that messing with the atmosphere in this high-tech way may have as yet unknown impacts
10 .
Which of the following is not a possible strategy to reduce desertification?
Havesting branches rather than complete trees for fire wood
Controlled burning of grasslands to reduce the spread of wildfires
Reducing the number of livestock animals
Developing national parks and reserves where local people aren't permitted
The creation of the Serengiti National Park has lead to the overgrazing of marginal lands
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Desertification

Author:  Ruth M

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