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Global Inequalities

Around the world, people do not all enjoy the same wealth, health, or chances. This GCSE Geography quiz explores the patterns and causes of global inequalities.

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Fascinating Fact:

Historical factors, including colonialism and the slave trade, helped some regions to become rich while leaving others with weaker economies and infrastructure.

In GCSE Geography, global inequalities looks at how and why some countries enjoy high levels of income, health, and education while others face poverty and limited opportunities. You examine physical, historical, political, and economic causes, and consider how trade, aid, debt, and globalisation can either reduce or deepen these differences between places.

Key Terms

Global inequalities: Differences in wealth, health, and quality of life between people and places around the world.
Development gap: The contrast in development levels between richer and poorer countries or regions, shown by indicators such as income and life expectancy.
Human Development Index (HDI): A combined measure of income, education, and life expectancy used to compare development between countries.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What are global inequalities in GCSE Geography?

Global inequalities are the uneven distribution of income, health, education, and opportunities between countries and regions. GCSE Geography studies where these patterns occur and why they exist.

What causes global inequalities between countries?

Global inequalities are caused by a mix of physical factors, such as climate and resources, and human factors, including history, trade patterns, conflict, debt, political decisions, and access to education.

How do geographers measure global inequalities?

Geographers measure global inequalities using indicators like GDP per person, HDI, life expectancy, literacy rates, and infant mortality, then map and compare these to identify patterns.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

Which of the following is NOT used for the HDI (human development index)?

The GDP of a country

Access to jobs

Nutrition

Access to health services

Wealth is used as part of the HDI but it is related to individuals' access to wealth such as jobs and not to the wealth of the country as a whole. The HDI is measured using a scale of 0 - 1

2 .

Which of the following factors could slow down the economic development of an area within a country?

Poor communications

Lack of resources and goods to sell

Poor healthcare

All of the above

Poor healthcare leads to high death rates and low life expectancy. The usual response to this is for people living in such areas to have large families to keep the population stable

3 .

The demographic transition model (DMT) has limitations, not all countries will pass through all stages. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the DMT?

Some countries will never become industrialised

The model was based on experiences of countries in western Europe and north America

The model failed to predict the aging and falling populations in some MEDCs

The model does not take into account whether the country is ruled by a dictator, government, monarch or political party

Since it was developed by studying European and north American countries, it may not work properly for LEDCs in other parts of the world

4 .

How many stages are there in the demographic transition model?

When it was originally developed, there was no stage five

5 .

Which of the following is NOT a way of measuring global inequality?

Population

HDI

Literacy rates

Birth and death rates

These are not the only indicators of global inequality, make sure that you remember as many as you can for your exam

6 .

How does the GDI differ from the GNI?

There is one letter different

The GNI includes income from overseas

There is no difference between them

The GDI measures industrial output whereas the GNI is a measure of how much money is earnt from tourism

We hope you didn't choose the first option, although it is true, is isn't really geography! The GDI only measures the income from industries within the country. Both figures are usually divided by the population to give a standard figure 'per capita'

7 .

One factor that is used to determine the development level of a country is how the economy is distributed between the four sectors of industry. Which of the following is the correct name for this distribution?

Demographics

Gross National Income

Economic structure

Inequality of wealth

The different sectors of industry are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The poorest, least developed countries have mainly primary sector industries

8 .

Italian women are deciding that a career is more important than a family and many decide to not have children at all by being sterilised. On the basis of that information, at which stage of the demographic transition model is Italy?

There is an ageing population and birth rates are lower than death rates, so the population is in decline

9 .

Many MEDCs make allowances in their domestic budgets to provide aid to LEDCs. Which of the following types of aid is NEVER given directly by a single government?

Conditional aid

Multilateral aid

Tied aid

Emergency aid

This type of aid is given through organisations like the World Bank. Money is donated by several countries and the World Bank or other international organisation decides on how the money will be distributed. Tied aid is another name for conditional aid

10 .

In which of the stages of the demographic transition model is the population stable?

1 and 3

3 and 4

1 and 4

2 and 4

At stage 1, birth and death rates are both high but balance out. In stage 4 birth and death rates are low but also balance out

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Development

Author: Kev Woodward (PGCE, Science & Chemistry Teacher, Quiz Writer)