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The 1950 Education Act established a national system of Primary Education in China.

China: Under Mao - 1930-1965 - How Far Communist Rule Had Changed China By 1965

How different was China by 1965 under Communist rule? This GCSE History quiz tests your knowledge of Mao’s changes to land, industry and daily life.

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Fascinating Fact:

The Great Leap Forward tried to speed up industrial and agricultural growth. It led to economic chaos and famine, which killed millions.

In GCSE History, this topic on China under Mao (1930–1965) asks how far Communist rule changed China. You will study land reform, communes, industry, and everyday life by 1965.

Key Terms

Great Leap Forward: A radical programme launched in 1958 to rapidly increase China’s industry and farming through people’s communes and backyard furnaces.
People’s commune: A large rural unit that combined many villages for farming, industry and local government under Communist control.
Five Year Plan: A government plan that set production targets for industry and aimed to modernise China’s economy over five years.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

How far had Communist rule changed China by 1965?

By 1965 China had seen major changes in land ownership, industry, education and propaganda. However, many people still lived in poverty and disasters like the Great Leap Forward limited progress.

What was the impact of the Great Leap Forward on China?

The Great Leap Forward caused serious economic disruption and a huge famine. Industrial targets were unrealistic, food production fell, and millions of people died, weakening trust in Mao’s policies.

How should I answer exam questions on changes in China by 1965?

In exams, compare areas of big change, such as land reform and industry, with areas of limited change. Use specific examples, explain their impact, and reach a clear “how far” judgement.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

The country was called the PRC after 1949. What do these letters stand for?

Popular Republic of China

People's Republic of China

People's Revolutionary China

Popular Revolutionary China

After 1949 China changed rapidly in every respect: political, economic, social and cultural

2 .

A large number of vicious killings took place in China in the aftermath of the revolution - according to most estimates at least 1 million, and possibly as many as 3 million. This was a settling of old scores. Which social group suffered in this wave of killing?

Rural landlords

Capitalist employers in the towns and cities

Officers in the defeated Kuomintang army

Members of the middle class professions

It helped the new government to get rid of these people, who were not among their supporters

3 .

One of the regime's chief supporters was the PLA. What do these letters stand for?

Popular Liberation Army

People's Local Army

People's Liberation Army

People's Liberating Army

These forces were active in enforcing the government's will at home and in acting as an arm of its foreign policy

4 .

In 1957 Mao launched a campaign to encourage party members to air their grievances. What was this campaign called?

Let 100 Flowers Bloom

Let 100 Plants Flourish

Let 100 Flowers Flourish

Let 100 Plants Bloom

Mao had not expected so much criticism, and he soon moved to bring it to a halt

5 .

Later in 1957 Mao decided to clamp down on those intellectuals who had taken the opportunity to criticise the party. What name was given to this campaign?

Anti-Class Traitors Campaign

Anti-Right Wing Deviationists Campaign

Anti-Rightist Campaign

Anti-Class Enemies Campaign

Not for the last time, Mao decided to alter course when things seemed to be getting out of hand

6 .

In the course of the "Great Leap Forward" (1958-1962) the existing collective farms were greatly expanded in size. What name was given to these huge new units?

Giant collective farms

Huge communes

Mega communes

Giant communes

Each of these would house and employ roughly 70,000 people

7 .

The peasants on these enormous farms were encouraged to make which product in backyard furnaces?

Copper

Wrought iron

Aluminium

Steel

Mao was anxious to overtake both the UK and the USA, in industrial production, within a few years

8 .

In 1960 a friendly nation withdrew advisors and loans from China. Both had helped greatly in China's economic progress. Which state did this?

France

The USSR

Japan

India

Shortly after this development poor weather, natural disasters and bad planning caused a catastrophe in the Chinese countryside: namely, famine

9 .

A new marriage law in 1950 discouraged which kind of marital practice?

Arranged marriages

Under age marriages

Bigamy (marriage to more than one person at a time)

Proxy marriages (when one or other of the parties is absent)

The new law was successful in reducing such unsatisfactory unions, and also in curbing the payment of dowries and the practice of concubinage

10 .

The 1950 Education Act established a national system of primary education in China. What proportion of eligible children were attending such schools by 1956?

One half

One third

One quarter

Three quarters

Much progress had been made in 6 years, but the task was by no means complete

Author: Edward Towne