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An arch is formed when a cave erodes further and forms a tunnel through the cliff

Coasts

Explore the coasts of Britain and beyond, discover how waves, tides, and wind shape the shoreline, and find out why beaches and cliffs keep changing.

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Fascinating Fact:

Coasts are important habitats for wildlife, including seabirds, crabs, shellfish, and plants that can live in salty, windy conditions.

In KS2 Geography, pupils learn how coasts are shaped by waves, tides, and wind. They find out how erosion, transportation, and deposition create beaches, cliffs, bays, and headlands.

Key Terms

Coast: The area where the land meets the sea or ocean.
Erosion: When waves wear away rocks and soil along the shoreline.
Deposition: When waves drop sand, pebbles, or mud to build up beaches and other features.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

How are coasts formed in geography?

Coasts are formed by the action of waves, tides, and currents on the edge of the land. Over time, these forces erode some areas and deposit material in others.

What coastal features do children learn about in KS2?

In KS2, children usually learn about beaches, cliffs, bays, headlands, caves, arches, and stacks, and how waves and rock type help to create these features.

Why are coasts important to people?

Coasts are important because many people live, work, and go on holiday there. They are also used for fishing, ports, tourism, and protecting wildlife habitats.

Try These Related Quizzes

Click on the pictures to make them larger.

1 .

When soft rock erodes to create a hole in the cliff what is this known as?

Stacks

Arches

Headlands

Caves

Caves are deep depressions in the rock face

2 .

What is a large flat area of sand known as?

A cliff

A coast

A sand dune

A beach

Beaches are places we go to enjoy the seaside

3 .

What is the name of the protection used to stop sand being swept from a beach?

Sand dunes

Sea wall

Groynes

Cliffs

Have you ever seen groynes on a beach? They can look like pillars, posts or fences

4 .

How is a stack formed?

When soft rock erodes and forms a hole in the cliff

When an arch erodes further, a part becomes separated from the coast

When a cave erodes further and forms a tunnel through the cliff

When a rock is pushed by waves and becomes rounded

Stacks can seem very lonely!

5 .

On some coasts the cliffs are worn away by erosion. What acts on the cliffs to cause them to erode?

Pebbles

Sand

Waves

Rocks

The waves can wear rock away, but it takes a very long time

6 .

How is an arch formed?

When soft rock erodes and forms a hole in the cliff

When an arch erodes further, a part becomes separated from the coast

When a cave erodes further and forms a tunnel through the cliff

When a rock is pushed by waves and becomes rounded

Arches are caves that have worn all the way through a cliff. They look almost man made

7 .

When a bay is formed what is the name of the projections formed at either side?

Stacks

Arches

Headlands

Caves

The bay is formed when the rock along part of the coast erodes quicker than the headlands as they have harder rock

8 .

How are sand dunes formed?

The sea pushes the sand into hills

The wind blows the sand into hills

They are man made

Rivers push the sand into hills

They are always at the back of the beach as the wind comes off of the sea

9 .

What is the term used when a cliff erodes at the bottom?

Undercut

Abrasion

Deposition

Overcut

The higher part of the cliff is not exposed to the sea and so does not erode

10 .

What is the process called when waves throw pebbles at the cliff causing it to wear away?

Erosion

Abrasion

Deposition

Transportation

Abrasion is faster than erosion

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Exploring the UK's coasts

Author: Amanda Swift (Primary School Teacher & Educational Content Developer)

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