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The Cold War 02
Russia refused any part in which American aid programme?

The Cold War 02

Explore how Germany was divided after the war, why Berlin became a Cold War hotspot, and how the Berlin Blockade tested relations between East and West.

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Fascinating Fact:

Germany was split into East and West, and the city of Berlin became a major flashpoint, especially during the Berlin Blockade of 1948–49.

In KS3 History, the Cold War in Europe is explored through the division of Germany and Berlin. Pupils learn how different zones were controlled by the Allies and the Soviet Union, why Berlin became a symbol of Cold War tension, and how crises such as the Berlin Blockade increased fear of conflict. This topic helps students understand everyday life in a divided city and the importance of airlifts, walls, and checkpoints in Cold War politics.

Key Terms

  • Berlin Blockade: A Soviet attempt in 1948–49 to cut off road, rail, and canal access to West Berlin to pressure the Western Allies.
  • Berlin Airlift: The Western response to the blockade, flying food, fuel, and supplies into West Berlin so people there could survive.
  • Occupation zone: A part of a defeated country that is controlled by another nation’s troops, as happened to Germany after the Second World War.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

Why was Germany divided into East and West after World War Two?

Germany was divided because the victorious Allies agreed to control different zones. Western zones were run by Britain, the USA, and France, while the Soviet Union controlled the eastern zone.

What happened during the Berlin Blockade and airlift?

In 1948 the Soviet Union blocked land routes into West Berlin. The Western Allies organised an airlift, flying thousands of planes loaded with food, fuel, and medicine into the city for almost a year.

Why was Berlin such an important Cold War hotspot?

Berlin was important because it was a divided city inside East Germany. It showed the clash between communist and capitalist systems, so any crisis there could quickly increase tension between East and West.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .
Russia refused any part in which American aid programme?
Kennedy Plan
Marshall Plan
Mitchell Plan
Sherriff Plan
It aimed to help European recovery after WW2
2 .
What was set up in 1949 to protect the world from Communism?
NATO
SEATO
UNICEF
WHO
Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has become a peacekeeping force, particularly in Eastern Europe
3 .
What does 'NA' stand for in NATO?
Newly Authorised
Non-Aggressive
North Atlantic
Northern Association
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
4 .
The USSR set up which rival organisation in 1955?
Berlin Agreement
Budapest League
Prague Council
Warsaw Pact
Made up of all the Eastern European Communist countries
5 .
NATO and the Warsaw Pact built more and better what?
Air raid shelters
Aircraft carriers
Army barracks
Nuclear weapons
This became known as the 'arms race'
6 .
For almost a year, from mid-1948, Russia blockaded which city?
Brussels
Paris
Vienna
West Berlin
Road and rail links with the west were cut
7 .
In 1952 the USA tested which bomb?
Atomic bomb
Helium bomb
Hydrogen bomb
Nitrogen bomb
A year later Russia developed its own H-bomb
8 .
The Berlin Wall was built in which year?
1959
1961
1963
1965
To stop East Germans leaving for the west - anyone trying to escape was shot
9 .
Which Soviet leader ordered the Wall to be built?
Brezhnev
Khrushchev
Kosygin
Malenkov
He took power in 1953 after Stalin's death
10 .
Who visited Berlin and vowed to protect freedom?
Charles de Gaulle
Harold Macmillan
John F. Kennedy
Spiro Agnew
He said, "Ich bin ein Berliner" meaning "I am one with the people of Berlin"
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - The Cold War

Author:  Jan Crompton (KS3 Geography & History Teacher, Professional Quiz Writer)
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