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Understand powers and indices in KS3 algebra. Learn the laws of exponents, simplify expressions with the same base, and use negative and zero indices with confidence.
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Fascinating Fact:
When you multiply powers with the same base, you add the indices. For example, x2 × x3 = x5.
In KS3 Maths, powers (also called indices or exponents) show repeated multiplication. You’ll apply index laws to simplify expressions: add indices when multiplying like bases, subtract when dividing, and handle zero or negative indices correctly.
Key Terms
Base: The repeated factor in a power; e.g., in x3 the base is x.
Index (Exponent): The small number that tells how many times the base multiplies itself; e.g., the 3 in x3.
Power: The whole expression with base and index, such as x3 or 24.
Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)
What are the index laws in KS3 maths?
Same base multiply → add indices: am × an = am+n. Same base divide → subtract indices:
am ÷ an = am-n. Power of a power → multiply indices:
(am)n = amn. Zero index: a0 = 1 for a ≠ 0.
How do I divide powers with the same base?
Subtract the indices: am ÷ an = am−n (for a ≠ 0). Example: x7 ÷ x3 = x4.
What does a negative index mean?
A negative index gives a reciprocal: x−n = 1/ xn (for x ≠ 0). It doesn’t make the value negative; it flips the power.