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PSHE Quiz Illustration | Types of employment
Almost all workers are entitled to holiday pay.

Types of Employment – Age 14-16

Different jobs use different employment types. This PSHE topic explains contracts, working hours, pay arrangements, and how employment choices can affect security and flexibility.

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Fascinating Fact:

Casual or zero-hours work may offer flexible shifts, but hours are not always guaranteed. This can make income less predictable.

In PSHE Economic Education, learners aged 14-16 explore different ways people can be employed, including full-time, part-time, temporary, and self-employed work. Understanding employment types helps students compare stability, flexibility, rights, and responsibilities when planning future careers.

  • Contract: A formal agreement that sets out job terms such as pay, hours, and duties.
  • Part-time: Employment with fewer working hours than a full-time role.
  • Self-employed: Working for yourself rather than being employed by a company or organisation.
What are the main types of employment?

Main types of employment include full-time, part-time, temporary, fixed-term, apprenticeship, casual work, and self-employment. Each type has different hours, pay arrangements, and levels of job security.

What is the difference between full-time and part-time work?

Full-time work usually involves more weekly hours and may include a regular schedule, while part-time work has fewer hours and can offer more flexibility.

What is a zero-hours contract?

A zero-hours contract is an agreement where a worker may be offered shifts when needed, but regular hours are not guaranteed. This can suit some people but may make planning income harder.

1 .
Which of these benefits would an apprentice worker receive?
Sick pay
Holiday pay
Maternity / paternity pay
All of them
As long as they work for 33 hours or more a week, apprentices are entitled to all the benefits of other employees
2 .
How many hours a week must you work to be considered a full-time employee?
30 hours per week
40 hours per week
50 hours per week
There is no set amount of hours
There is no specific number of hours that makes someone full-time. Jobs vary and some may require more than 40 hours per week. Generally jobs are classed as full-time if they are 35 hours or more a week
3 .
Which type of workers are hired out to employers by a recruitment business?
Agency workers
Temporary workers
Part-time workers
Casual workers
Agencies allow companies to save time on recruiting staff. These are often in short-term roles and so may be temporary or casual jobs, but not always
4 .
What do we call the jobs which use apps or websites to connect people with work as and when it is required?
Big economy
Jig economy
Gig economy
Fig economy
Gig economy jobs (like Uber or Deliveroo) link workers with customers. Workers usually have to pay a portion of their income to the business in exchange for this service
5 .
What is the difference between a “worker” and an “employee”?
There is no difference
Everyone in a job is a worker
Workers have fewer rights
Workers have more rights
Workers are similar to employees and receive some statutory rights, like minimum wage and paid holidays. They do not automatically receive redundancy pay, notice periods, sick pay, or maternity / paternity pay
6 .
Which of these “benefits” might a part-time employee get less of than a full-time one?
Yearly bonus
Training
Holiday entitlement
Hourly rate of pay
Part-time workers have the same rights as full-time ones. However, bonuses are usually awarded based on the number of hours worked so part-time workers will get smaller ones than full-time.
Though part-time workers may get fewer DAYS holiday, they have the same entitlement as full-timers: 5.6 weeks per year
7 .
Which type of employment means that you are responsible for paying your own tax and National Insurance contributions?
Apprenticeship
Zero-hours contract
Self-employment
Part-time employment
If you are self-employed then you are responsible for your tax and national insurance. If you are an employee, your employer will sort these out for you
8 .
How many hours a week will someone on a zero-hours contract have to work?
Zero
It depends
Twenty
Forty
A zero-hours contract does not guarantee you a set number of hours of work. Instead you work only when needed. This means your pay will be unpredictable so it is hard to make financial commitments
9 .
Which of the following will receive the most days paid holiday per year?
A full-time employee
A part-time employee
A full-time contractor
They all get the same
Almost all workers are legally entitled to 5.6 weeks’ paid holiday a year. Full-timers get more days (28) than part-time because they work more hours in a week. Contractors, like all self-employed, receive no holiday pay
10 .
Which of these is NOT a type of self-employment?
Freelance
Agency worker
Independent contractor
Business owner
Business owners work entirely for themselves, while freelancers and contractors hire themselves out to do specific jobs, but count as self-employed.
Self-employment does not have the same benefits as employed work, so it can be risky. It can pay well though
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Employment rights and responsibilities

Author:  Graeme Haw

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