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Forces - Forces and their Effects
What stops a feather falling at the same rate as a stone on Earth is the amount of air resistance each object feels.

Forces - Forces and their Effects

This Physics quiz is called 'Forces - Forces and their Effects' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at senior high school. Playing educational quizzes is one of the most efficienct ways to learn if you are in the 11th or 12th grade - aged 16 to 18.

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Having a good understanding of forces can help you understand how the world around you moves. In some cases, it can be very useful as it can help you to do physical tasks more easily but most of the time, you will use forces without even thinking about them. Forces can be used to transfer energy and energy can be used to create forces. The forces used to slow a vehicle transfer kinetic energy into heat energy and the chemical energy in your body can be transferred into kinetic energy to move your muscles, creating forces that are useful to your body.

Forces behave predictably, which is extremely useful to humans. Engineers can predict how forces will affect the materials of building materials; vehicle manufacturers can work out the forces required to safely stop their vehicles; rock climbers use the forces of friction and learn how to use turning forces to help to keep them from falling; tennis players learn how to control the tennis ball by changing the forces they apply using their racquet.

Knowing about forces is much more than just learning a few ideas for your physics senior high school test!

Unbalanced forces can cause changes to the shape or motion of an object - they can move in a straight line at a constant speed when the forces are balanced or change their shape, speed and / or direction (accelerate or decelerate). Graphs can be used to describe the movement of an objects, the two that you need to learn about are distance-time graphs and velocity-time graphs. In senior high school, you need to be able to use your skills, knowledge and understanding to interpret data from tables and graphs relating to speed, velocity and acceleration in a wide variety of contexts. Two of the main contexts they use are about cars and skydiving.

For cars, you need to evaluate the effects of alcohol and drugs on stopping distances and evaluate how the shape and power of a vehicle can be altered to increase the vehicle's top speed. The key points to remember about stopping distances are that they involve a thinking distance and a braking distance. Anything that slows down a person's thinking such as drugs and alcohol will increase the thinking distance - the car will have traveled further. If a car's brakes are worn or otherwise in a poor condition, or the tires are worn, the braking system will not work as effectively, increasing the braking distance. You also need to know that adverse conditions that reduce the frictional force of the tires on the road will also increase the braking distance. The key points to remember about increasing a vehicle's top speed are that air resistance, mass and driving force from the engine are all involved.

You will be expected to be able to draw and interpret velocity-time graphs for objects that reach terminal velocity, including a consideration of the forces acting on the object. The sort of thing that you may be asked to do is to sketch a graph showing the speed and velocity of a skydiver before and after they have opened their parachute. For cars, you may have to interpret the forces acting on the car based on a graph. You need to know how to work out acceleration and distance traveled from graphs too and there are a few simple equations that you need to learn.

1.
If the resultant force acting on an object is zero, what happens to the object?
It does not move
It continues to move at a constant speed
It does not accelerate
All of the above
It depends on the state of the object when the resultant force is zero. This often sounds odd as instinct tells us that zero force would mean no movement. That's true but this is about resultant forces which can change at any time. So if it changes to zero when the object is moving, it will continue to move exactly as it was when the resultant force hit the zero mark
2.
The equation that links mass, force and acceleration is ...
Force = acceleration / mass
Mass = force x acceleration
Force = mass x acceleration
Acceleration = mass x force
This is Newton's second law. You will need to be able to rearrange it to work out the mass or acceleration when given the other two figures
3.
How can the acceleration of an object be measured on a velocity time graph?
By calculating the area under the graph
By measuring the gradient
By calculating the area above the graph
You cannot work out the acceleration of an object from a velocity time graph
The gradient is measuring how the velocity of the object has changed over a time period which is what acceleration is all about
4.
As the speed of a car increases, what happens to the strength of the air resistance?
Decreases
Increases
Stays the same
There is no air resistance
Air resistance is caused by the car hitting the molecules of the gasses that make up the atmosphere
5.
Which of the following surfaces will have the greatest frictional force?
Smooth surface
Rough surface
Both smooth and rough have the same frictional force
It is impossible to tell
Drivers need to take more care when braking on smooth road surfaces especially when they are wet as friction is lower
6.
When a resultant force acts upon an object, what determines the size of the acceleration of that object?
Size of resultant force
Mass of the object
Size of resultant force and mass of the object
Neither size of resultant force nor mass of the object
Larger masses will be accelerated more slowly for the same resultant force. Using a larger resultant force on a given mass will cause it to accelerate faster (and vice-versa of course for both cases!)
7.
How can distance traveled be calculated by using a velocity time graph?
It is the area under the graph
It can be calculated from the gradient of the graph
It cannot be calculated using a velocity time graph
It is the area above the graph
If you sum up the area underneath a velocity-time graph, you have calculated the distance an object has traveled in a given time
8.
When is the terminal velocity of an object reached?
When the acceleration is 0
When the acceleration is 1
When the acceleration is less than 0
When the acceleration is more than 1
This happens when the resistance of the fluid is the same magnitude (size) as the force causing the movement
9.
What can affect the speed of a car?
Air resistance
Power of the engine
Mass of the car
All of the above
It is all about resultant forces and inertia
10.
In a vacuum, all bodies accelerate at what?
The same rate
A rate determined by their mass
No two bodies accelerate at the same rate
Either two times the strength of the field present or four times the strength of the field present
What stops a feather falling at the same rate as a stone on Earth is the amount of air resistance each object feels. In a vacuum, this restrictive force is removed and both objects will fall at the same rate. This was famously demonstrated by the Apollo 15 astronaut, David Scott, at the very end of their final Moon walk
Author:  Martin Moore

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