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Spelling: Graphemes

Learn common graphemes for 11 Plus English. Spot digraphs and trigraphs in words, then read and spell them confidently during practice, quizzes, and real writing.

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Fascinating Fact:

Digraphs use two letters for one sound, like sh, ch, th, ai. Trigraphs use three letters, like igh, tch, dge. Learn them as single sound units.

In 11 Plus English, a grapheme is a letter or group of letters that represents a sound. Knowing common digraphs and trigraphs speeds up reading and improves accurate spelling.

Key Terms

Grapheme: The written form of a sound, such as a single letter or a letter group.
Digraph: Two letters that make one sound, for example sh, ch, ai.
Trigraph: Three letters that make one sound, for example igh, tch, dge.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is a grapheme in 11 Plus English?

A grapheme is the written way we show a sound. It can be one letter or several letters, like sh or igh.

What is the difference between a digraph and a trigraph?

A digraph has two letters making one sound, such as th. A trigraph has three letters making one sound, such as tch.

How do I learn tricky digraphs and trigraphs quickly?

Group words by the same grapheme, say the sound aloud, and practise in short bursts. Reading daily helps the patterns stick.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Caterpillar

cat

pillar

erpill

The 'k' sound is represented by the grapheme 'c'

2 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Leaf

lea

leaf

The 'ee' sound is represented by the grapheme 'ea'

3 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Through

ough

Thr

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The 'oo' sound is represented by the grapheme 'ough'

4 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Rabbit

rab

The 'b' sound is represented by the grapheme 'bb'

5 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Mosquito

mos

ito

The 'k' sound is represented by the grapheme 'qu'

6 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
School

schoo

ool

scho

The 'k' sound is represented by the grapheme 'ch'

7 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Knock

nock

kno

ock

The 'n' sound is represented by the grapheme 'kn'

8 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Ocean

oce

cean

ean

The 'sh' sound is represented by the grapheme 'ce'

9 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Journey

jour

our

journ

urney

The 'ur' sound is represented by the grapheme 'our'

10 .

Decide which combination of letters is a grapheme for the given word.
Drought

drough

ough

ought

drought

The 'ow' sound is represented by the grapheme 'ough'

Author: Frank Evans (Specialist 11 Plus Teacher and Tutor)

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