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Doctors take bone marrow from the donor's hip bone.

Unit 2 - Stem Cells

Test your GCSE Biology knowledge of stem cells, how they specialise, and why scientists hope to use them to repair damaged tissues in the future.

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Fascinating Fact:

In the future, stem cells may be used to grow replacement tissues or organs, such as heart muscle or nerve cells, for transplantation.

In GCSE Biology, stem cells are studied because they can divide to make more stem cells and differentiate into specialised cells. You learn about embryonic and adult stem cells, their medical uses, and the ethical questions raised by this type of research.

Key Terms

Stem cell: An unspecialised cell that can divide to produce more stem cells or differentiate into different types of specialised cell.
Differentiation: The process by which an unspecialised cell develops into a specialised cell with a specific structure and function.
Embryonic stem cell: A stem cell taken from an early embryo that can develop into almost any type of cell in the body.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What is a stem cell in GCSE Biology?

In GCSE Biology, a stem cell is an unspecialised cell that can keep dividing and can also differentiate into specialised cells, such as muscle, nerve, or blood cells.

What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

Embryonic stem cells can turn into almost any cell type, while adult stem cells are usually limited to replacing certain cells in the tissues where they are found, such as blood or skin.

Why are there ethical issues around using stem cells?

Some people object to embryonic stem cell research because embryos are destroyed to obtain the cells. Others argue that the potential medical benefits, such as treating disease, justify this research.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

A human stem cell can develop into what?

Some cells

Only nerve cells

Only ears

Any type of human cell

Once they have developed into a specialised cell, they will remain in that form

2 .

Stem cells in adults can be found mainly in which location?

Blood

Heart

Bone marrow

Brain

Stem cells can be extracted from adult bone marrow

3 .

Can stem cells can be grown in a lab?

Yes

Sometimes

Never

Stem cells can be grown in a special dish in a lab and can then be used in operations to replace parts of the body

4 .

Stem cells can be removed from which stage of human development?

Egg

Sperm

Zygote

Embryo

Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells and can be used to treat some blood disorders in the brothers or sisters

5 .

Some people object to stem cell research saying it is...

expensive

unethical

a waste of resources

against God

The ethical debate continues over the use of human embryos in research

6 .

When a cell develops into its specialised cell type, what is it called?

Undifferentiated

Redifferentiated

Differentiated

Dedifferentiated

Stem cells become differentiated cells

7 .

Stem cells could be used to cure paralysis. Which type of cell would they need to become?

Heart

Liver

Kidney

Nerve

Paralysis is usually caused by broken nerves or nerve disorders

8 .

We can cure certain types of leukaemia using cells from which part of the body?

The blood

The muscles

The bone marrow

The heart

Leukaemia is a form of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Adult bone marrow contains stem cells that could be used in leukaemia treatment

9 .

Bone marrow can be provided by donors. Where do doctors take the bone marrow from?

Hip bone

Thigh bone

Arm bone

Neck vein

Donors can also receive injections to stimulate stem cells to appear in the blood which is removed through a vein. This is a newer procedure

10 .

To avoid ethical issues concerning embryos in the future, stem cells may be taken from which source?

Mice

Prisoners

Umbilical cords

Blood

After birth, the human umbilical cord is expelled from the womb and then discarded

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Cell division

Author: Donna Davidson (GCSE Biology Teacher & Examiner, Quiz Writer)

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