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Water leaves the body in sweat, urine and air which is breathed out.

Unit 3 - Urine Production

GCSE Biology explores how kidneys filter the blood, remove waste like urea and carefully control water levels so the body’s internal environment stays safe and stable.

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Fascinating Fact:

Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and flows into many tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron produces a small amount of urine.

In GCSE Biology, urine production is studied as part of excretion and homeostasis. You learn how kidneys remove urea and excess water, adjust salt levels and return useful substances to the blood so internal conditions stay balanced.

Key Terms

Kidney: An organ that filters the blood, removes waste products and helps control the body’s water and salt balance.
Nephron: A microscopic tubule inside the kidney where blood is filtered and useful substances can be reabsorbed.
Urea: A waste substance made in the liver from excess amino acids and removed from the body in urine.

Frequently Asked Questions (click to see answers)

What do the kidneys do in GCSE Biology?

In GCSE Biology, kidneys are described as organs that remove urea and other waste from the blood, control water and ion levels and help keep internal conditions stable.

How is urine produced in the kidney?

Urine production involves filtering small molecules out of the blood, reabsorbing useful substances like glucose and most water, then leaving excess water, ions and urea to form urine.

Why is urine production important for homeostasis?

Urine production is important because it removes toxic waste and allows the body to control water and salt levels, which keeps cells working properly and protects organs from damage.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .

Urea leaves the body in the...

blood

faeces

saliva

urine

It is stored in the bladder

2 .

Which of the following is a microscopic filtering unit found in the kidney?

Alveolus

Nephron

Villus

Hair

Nephrons have several sections. You should know their names and jobs for the exam

3 .

Urine is stored inside which part of the body before being expelled?

Liver

Pancreas

Gall bladder

Bladder

If you are dehydrated, your urine is dark yellow

4 .

Which organs are responsible for filtering the blood?

Kidneys

Liver

Lungs

Brain

The kidneys produce urine which consists of urea and excess ions dissolved in the excess water that has been removed from the blood

5 .

Water leaves the body in sweat, urine and...

blood

plasma

air we breathe out

food

We lose a significant amount of water as water vapour from our exhaled breath

6 .

Kidney transplant may be rejected due to...

mismatch of tissue antigens

infection

lack of kidney donors

cost

Donor and recipient tissue antigens are matched as far as possible. Antibodies are often formed which attack the new kidney. This is called tissue rejection

7 .

Urea is made here from excess amino acids.

Liver

Kidneys

Nephrons

Villi

The liver processes many molecules produced by digestion

8 .

If the kidneys fail, urea builds up and is a problem because it is...

toxic

harmless

a gas

infectious

Dialysis filters the blood and removes urea from the patient's blood

9 .

Which tube conveys urine to the bladder from the kidney?

Urethra

Ureter

Uterus

Uvula

The nephrons supply urine to these via collection ducts

10 .

All of this important substance is filtered then reabsorbed by the nephron into the blood.

Sucrose

Fructose

Starch

Glucose

Glucose is filtered out of the blood but is then reabsorbed back into the blood again

You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Homeostasis in humans

Author: Donna Davidson (GCSE Biology Teacher & Examiner, Quiz Writer)

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Unit 3 - Urine Production

Fascinating Fact:

Key Terms

Frequently Asked Questions (click to see answers)

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