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Unit 3 - Water Loss in Plants
Water is lost from a plant more rapidly on a hot, dry day.

Unit 3 - Water Loss in Plants

GCSE Biology looks at how plants lose water through their leaves, how stomata control this loss and what happens when conditions become hot, dry or windy.

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Fascinating Fact:

Wilting occurs when a plant loses water faster than it can replace it through the roots. The leaves droop and their surface area exposed to the sun and air becomes smaller.

In GCSE Biology, water loss in plants is linked to transpiration and gas exchange. You study how stomata, guard cells and leaf adaptations balance water loss with the need for carbon dioxide.

  • Transpiration: The loss of water vapour from plant leaves, mainly through stomata, into the surrounding air.
  • Stomata: Tiny pores in the leaf surface that open and close to control gas exchange and water vapour loss.
  • Guard cells: Pairs of cells that change shape to open or close stomata, helping to regulate water loss.
What is transpiration in plants for GCSE Biology?

Transpiration is the process where water moves from roots to leaves and then evaporates as water vapour from the leaf surface, mainly through stomata.

Which factors affect the rate of water loss in plants?

The rate of water loss increases with higher temperature, brighter light and stronger wind, and decreases when humidity is high or stomata are more closed.

How do plants reduce excessive water loss?

Plants can partly close stomata, grow a thicker waxy cuticle, roll or curl leaves and grow smaller leaves to reduce the surface area for water loss.

1 .
The process by which a plant loses water is called...
transportation
translocation
transduction
transpiration
It sounds like respiration but has nothing to do with the release of energy in cells
2 .
The loss of water vapour from a surface is known as...
evaporation
condensation
respiration
photosynthesis
Knowing the factors that affect evaporation should help you to answer most questions about the rate of transpiration
3 .
What are the tiny pores found in plant leaves?
Tubules
Holes
Paws
Stomata
They allow carbon dioxide into leaves and let oxygen and water out
4 .
Which of the following are specialised cells found on either side of a stoma?
Police
Army
Guard
Sentry
Guard cells change shape and cause the stoma to open or close, depending on conditions
5 .
During photosynthesis, what enters the leaves through the stomata?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Water
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the plant and is used in photosynthesis to make sugars
6 .
During transpiration, what leaves the plant through stomata?
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour
Ammonia
Glucose
Desert plants have reduced stomata or close them to avoid water loss
7 .
Water is lost from a plant more rapidly on a ...
hot, dry day
cold, wet night
cold, dry day
hot, humid day
Increased temperature increases the rate of water loss. If it is humid, there is less of a concentration gradient so less water is lost
8 .
Plants can increase their water uptake by having...
bigger leaves
extensive root system
smaller roots
smaller leaves
More roots provide the plant with a larger area for a greater water uptake
9 .
Plants do which of the following to reduce water loss?
Keep the stomata closed
Keep the stomata open
Wilt and collapse
Flatten their leaves
Many plants close their stomata during the day when it is hot
10 .
Plant roots have an enormous surface area for water absorption due to which of the following?
Roots
Root hairs
Many leaves
Stomata
Root hairs and root hair cells increase the water absorbing area of plant roots
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - Transport systems plants

Author:  Donna Davidson (GCSE Biology Teacher & Examiner, Quiz Writer)

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