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Muscles
The tongue is not an involuntary muscle.

Muscles

Muscles help us move, breathe, and even digest food. In KS2 Science, pupils explore how different types of muscles keep the body working properly.

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Fascinating Fact:

Smooth muscles work automatically inside the body, like those in the stomach and intestines.

In KS2 Science, pupils learn about the three main types of muscles: skeletal muscles, which move bones; smooth muscles, which work automatically inside organs; and cardiac muscle, which powers the heart.

  • Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones that move the body.
  • Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscles found in organs like the stomach and intestines.
  • Cardiac Muscle: The special muscle that contracts to pump blood through the heart.
What are the three types of muscles in KS2 Science?

The three types are skeletal muscles for movement, smooth muscles for automatic actions inside organs, and cardiac muscle in the heart.

How do muscles help the body move?

Skeletal muscles pull on bones at the joints, working in pairs to move the body in different directions.

Why is cardiac muscle special?

Cardiac muscle is unique because it never tires. It keeps contracting to pump blood throughout life without needing conscious control.

1 .
Your facial muscles allow you to do what?
To use your brain
To make different facial expressions
To hear
To lift heavy weights
You have more than 30 facial muscles. These allow you to make an enormous range of facial expressions
2 .
What do your muscles need in order to work?
Carbon dioxide and energy
Oxygen and food
Nitrogen and energy
Carbon dioxide and blood
The cells in the muscles can convert oxygen and food into energy
3 .
When you contract your bicep, what happens?
Your tricep relaxes
Your other bicep also contracts
Your arm lowers
Nothing else happens
Muscles work in pairs: when you contract your tricep, your bicep relaxes and when you contract your bicep, your tricep relaxes
4 .
How do voluntary muscles always work?
Voluntary muscles always work on their own
Voluntary muscles always work in pairs
Voluntary muscles always work in groups of three
Voluntary muscles always contract at the same time
Voluntary muscles are the muscles you can control. They are also called 'skeletal' muscles. Involuntary muscles are also called 'smooth' muscles
5 .
Skeletal muscles are usually attached to bones at both ends. Which muscle is an exception?
The tongue
The gluteus maximus
Pectorals
Triceps
The tongue is only connected at one end - otherwise, how would you be able to chew and swallow, or even talk?
6 .
Which of these is not true?
Snakes have very strong muscles to help them move
Some insects have thousands of muscles
Humans are the only animals with muscles
Birds need powerful muscles in order to fly
All animals have muscles
7 .
Which of these is not an involuntary muscle?
The heart
The diaphragm
The muscles lining the stomach
The tongue
The diaphragm (the powerful muscle under your lungs) is interesting - you don't need to make it contract (because it's involuntary), but you can if you want to. That's why people can control their breathing but don't have to think about every breath
8 .
Exercise makes muscles do what?
Grow bigger and stronger
Grow smaller and weaker
Become less stretchy
Become less effective
The more you use a muscle the bigger and stronger it gets, but if you don't use it, a muscle gets smaller and weaker
9 .
What are muscles made from?
Fat cells
Thin strands of iron
Thousands of small stretchy fibres
Carbohydrates
Each muscle is actually a bundle of small stretchy fibres made from protein
10 .
What attaches muscles to the skeleton?
Ligaments
Joints
Tendons
Arteries
Ligaments hold bones together at the joints
You can find more about this topic by visiting BBC Bitesize - How do your muscles work?

Author:  Sheri Smith (PhD English Literature, English Teacher & Quiz Writer)

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