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The Agricultural Revolution 02
Oilseed rape was not rotated in the Norfolk system.

The Agricultural Revolution 02

Explore how new crop rotation systems transformed British farming, keeping soil fertile, reducing wasted fallow land, and helping farmers feed a growing industrial population.

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Fascinating Fact:

New crop rotation systems, such as the Norfolk four-course rotation, kept soil fertile by growing turnips and clover instead of leaving fields fallow.

In KS3 History, the Agricultural Revolution is studied as a key stage in Britain’s journey towards industrialisation. Landowners experimented with crop rotation, enclosure, and improved tools to make farming more efficient. Systems like the Norfolk four-course rotation meant different crops were grown in sequence, helping to maintain soil nutrients and reduce weeds. These changes increased harvests, supported population growth, and freed workers to move into towns and factory jobs.

Key Terms

  • Crop rotation: A method of growing different crops in a set order on the same land to keep the soil healthy and productive.
  • Fallow: A field left unplanted for a time to rest the soil, which was used less as new crop rotations developed.
  • Norfolk four-course rotation: A pattern of wheat, turnips, barley, and clover grown over four years to improve soil fertility and yields.

Frequently Asked Questions (Click to see answers)

What was the Norfolk four-course rotation in farming?

The Norfolk four-course rotation was a system where farmers grew wheat, turnips, barley, and clover in sequence. This reduced the need for fallow fields and helped keep soils rich in nutrients.

How did crop rotation change farming in the Agricultural Revolution?

Crop rotation changed farming by keeping soils productive, reducing pests and weeds, and providing animal fodder like turnips and clover. This led to larger harvests and more reliable food supplies.

Why did farmers move away from leaving fields fallow?

Farmers moved away from leaving fields fallow because new rotations allowed them to grow useful crops every year. This meant less land was “wasted” and farms became more profitable and efficient.

Try These Related Quizzes

1 .
Who introduced the Norfolk four-course crop rotation?
'Carrot' Connolly
'Cauliflower' Carter
'Runner Bean' Rogers
'Turnip' Townshend
Charles Townshend was a wealthy landowner
2 .
Which crop was not rotated in the Norfolk system?
Barley
Clover
Oilseed rape
Turnips
Wheat was the fourth crop
3 .
Which was not true of the new crop rotation system?
All farmers had to agree to use it
Animals were fed on the turnips and clover
No field needed to be left fallow
The soil was better nourished
It was not a legal requirement for farmers
4 .
Who shared and spread new ideas?
Thomas Coke
Thomas Fanta
Thomas Sprite
Thomas Vimto
Sheep shearing competitions were one idea of his
5 .
Jethro Tull famously invented a horse-drawn…what?
Combine harvester
Hay baler
Seed drill
Threshing machine
It planted seeds straight and at the same depth
6 .
The old method of scattering seeds by hand was .......
Broadcasting
Palming
Pathetic
Winnowing
Seeds could be blown away or eaten by birds as they were not buried in the soil
7 .
Who helped to produce healthier and heavier animals?
Henry Cornwell
James Stowell
Michael Chartwell
Robert Bakewell
He was the first person to breed cattle specifically for slaughtering to provide beef
8 .
Bakewell's methods were known as what?
Cloning
Controlled mating
Scientific rearing
Selective breeding
His programme of selective breeding was mentioned by Charles Darwin in his theory of evolution. He said it was good evidence that species could change over long periods of time
9 .
Jethro Tull's book of 1731 had what title?
Farming the Modern Way
Horse Hoeing Husbandry
Ploughing New Furrows
Seed Drill Dynamics
He believed that plants used the soil for food. No-one knew about photosynthesis at that time
10 .
Which other historical event greatly helped farmers?
The American Revolution
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
The Mexican Revolution
Farm machinery could now be made of iron instead of wood
Author:  Jan Crompton (KS3 Geography & History Teacher, Professional Quiz Writer)
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