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Basic Anatomy - The Muscles

There are over 600 muscles in the human body!

Basic Anatomy - The Muscles

This Science quiz is called 'Basic Anatomy - The Muscles' and it has been written by teachers to help you if you are studying the subject at middle school. Playing educational quizzes is a fabulous way to learn if you are in the 6th, 7th or 8th grade - aged 11 to 14.

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In middle school science on basic anatomy you will study the skeleton of the human body and learn that every adult possesses a total of 206 bones. That seems like quite a lot but when compared to the muscles of the body, the number of bones is only a fraction. There are close to 640 plus muscles in the human body or 320 pairs of muscles. The muscles attach to bones and connect at joints.

The muscular system makes up nearly half of the weight of a body. Muscles exert a force upon the body which in turn allows the body to move. Muscles rarely work alone however. Rather, muscles work in pairs. For example, when walking, one muscle moves the legs forward while another muscle moves the legs backwards.

Muscle movement is a voluntary movement. In other words, if you want to walk, the desire travels through the nervous system to the brain which then transmits that signal to the appropriate pair of muscles. The muscles receive the signal and quickly respond by performing the desired action. This quick response makes it a voluntary movement.

In order to perform movement, muscles have to contract (pull inward) and then relax or expand by stretching outward. This contracting, relaxing and expanding is done in a rhythmic pattern until the movement ceases.

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Three Types of Muscles

1. Skeletal Muscles: Skeletal muscles are just what they sound to be. They are the muscles that move the body’s skeleton (bones). All skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles.

2. Smooth Muscles: Smooth muscles are the muscles that are found in our internal organs. This includes in our digestive system, our blood vessels, our bladder, our respiratory organs, and, in females, the uterus. They can stretch and maintain tension over an extended period of time. Smooth muscles are involuntary which means you don’t have to think about them in order for the brain to send a signal to them. Rather, they react automatically through the nervous system.

3. Cardiac Muscles: Cardiac muscles are found in the heart. These muscles can stretch like the smooth muscles and they can contract like skeletal muscles. These muscles move in a twitching motion and, like the smooth muscles, they are involuntary.

We could not possibly address all 640 plus muscles in this quiz but we will focus on the ones that you will hear of most often in their simplest form. These include:

The deltoid muscle is located at the shoulders and includes an interior head and a middle head. It is worked when the arm is rotated.

The bicep muscle is located at the upper part of the arm and will bulge when you make a fist. This muscle flexes the arm.

The triceps muscles are also located in the upper part of the arm and work when the arm is extended. It extends the forearm at the elbow joint.

The rectus femoris muscle is located in the leg and works the tibia and fibula. If flexes the thigh at the hip and extends the leg at the knee.

The frontalis muscle is located around the eyes and the nose on the face and is responsible for raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead.

The risorius muscle is also located in the face and is responsible for drawing the lips into a smile.

The hamstrings muscles (of which there are three) are located in the upper leg and work to bend the knee.

The quadriceps muscles (of which there are four) are located in the upper leg and work to extend the knee.

The tibialis anterior muscle is located at the back of the lower leg and works to raise the front of the foot.

The soleus muscle (also known as the calf muscle) is located at the back of the lower leg and works to raise the heel when the leg is bent.

Doctors and others in the medical profession need to learn each and every muscle and how they work together. If that is the field you would like to one day pursue, this quiz will be a good start to seeing if you can remember some of the more commonly known muscles. Be sure to read this introduction over several times to remember the muscles. When you are ready, move ahead and answer the following ten questions about muscles.
1.
There are how many pairs of muscles in the body?
320
206
640
270
There are 320 pairs of muscles in the body. Answer (a) is correct
2.
This muscle is located at the upper part of the arm and will bulge when you make a fist.
Bicep
Deltoid
Triceps
Risorius
The bicep muscle is located at the upper part of the arm and will bulge when you make a fist. Answer (a) is correct
3.
These types of muscles react automatically through the nervous system.
Smooth
Voluntary
Cardiac
Involuntary
Muscles that react automatically through the nervous system are involuntary muscles. Answer (d) is correct
4.
These muscles are located in the upper leg and work to extend the knee.
Triceps
Quadriceps
Frontalis
Hamstrings
The quadriceps muscles are located in the upper leg and work to extend the knee. Answer (b) is correct
5.
This muscle is also known as the calf muscle and it is located at the back of the lower leg and works to raise the heel when the leg is bent.
Risorius
Hamstrings
Deltoid
Soleus
The soleus muscle, which is also known as the calf muscle, is located at the back of the lower leg and works to raise the heel when the leg is bent. Answer (d) is correct
6.
These muscles are the muscles that are found in our internal organs.
Skeletal
Voluntary
Smooth
Cardiac
Smooth muscles are the muscles that are found in our internal organs. Answer (c) is correct
7.
These are the muscles that move the body’s bones.
Smooth
Diaphragm
Cardiac
Skeletal
The skeletal muscles are responsible for moving the body’s bones. Answer (d) is correct
8.
This makes up nearly half of the weight of a body.
Digestive system
Muscle system
Skeletal system
Circulatory system
The muscular system makes up nearly half of the weight of a body. Answer (b) is correct
9.
This muscle is located at the shoulders.
Deltoid
Bicep
Triceps
Frontalis
The deltoid muscle is located at the shoulders. Answer (a) is correct
10.
This muscle is located in the leg and works the tibia and fibula.
Frontalis
Tibialis anterior
Rectus femoris
Deltoid
The rectus femoris muscle is located in the leg and works the tibia and fibula. Answer (c) is correct
Author:  Christine G. Broome

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